Christmas Carol and household words Essay

What view of his own society does dickens show in a Christmas Carol and Household words? In 1845 Dickens wrote a Christmas Carol and Household word in 1856. He wrote them to demonstrate the conditions in which the poor had to have to live with in the Victorian age. Dickens wrote household words to show the well off people what the conditions were really like. He wrote Christmas Carol to entertain but also to show that things could get better. He shows many aspects of his own society in both texts The conditions for the poor were very hard and cruel. The rest of society did not treat them very well and they were ordered about. There was no care for the ill and slightly poor. Only the people that were destitute were given help and a place to stay for the night. In the morning they were given a piece of bread to last for the day. There was not that many that would get in. The destitute were forced to live in the gutters of the streets. â€Å"And if they get in, they would only have a roof for the night and a bit of bread in the morning,† this is a quote from household words spoken by a working class man that Dickens was talking to. The destitute people were the ones who had nothing of their own to live on. There were laws that stated that help must be given to these people. The more well off people were not that charitable towards these laws as shown in Christmas Carol when Scrooge told the two people who were collecting for charity to go away and to leave him alone. The poor were pushed to the side by the better off people. They had no choice but to accept blasi. Which means they had to get used to the conditions that they had to live their lives around. They had no choice. The poor were really miserable and depressed because there was never much room for them to stay. The poor were treated unfairly compared to the well off people. They were not treated like equals. The well off people employed the poorer people as they were cheaper to employ and they were able to boss them around. They had power over the poor because the poor were not in any persition to argue with the well off. If they did they would have lost their job on the spot. The less unfortunate people could not help that they were placed in a poor society, they were just unlucky The well off people were not charitable because they wanted to keep the money for themselves. They did this because if any thing was to happen to them in the future they would still have enough money to live on as nobody wanted to end up in the work houses. People like Timothy Winters were not cared for because he was not considederded to be that poor as he had a roof over his head and his father had a job working for Scrooge. Timothy was disabled. The working class man that Dickens was talking to in household words was one of a few that cared about the lower class but there was nothing that he could do about it. He blamed the society for what the lower class had to put up with. â€Å"This is an awful sight sir, in a Christian country†. In this quote the man was saying that you should treat others as you want to be treated yourself by others. This quote is telling the readers that the society that Dickens lived in is a Christian society. Christians are taught to respect others. The above quote surgest that the people in London were not respecting others. If they did respect others there may not have been so many well off people ignoring the poorer ones. The wells off people were not aware what the life was like for the poor. As they were not aware of how the poor lived they did not respect them. Scrooge was stingy with his money; he tried to save all the money that he could. Scrooge took the saving of money to the extreme. He was very stingy he would not share anything with anyone. He was not happy when his worker Mr Winters (Timothy Winter’s father) asked to have half the day off as it was Christmas day. He said I be paying you a full days pay but you will only be working for half the day. Scrooge does not believe in Christmas and good will, this is why he is not happy about letting his worker go home early. He knows that the work will not get done. This was so that he had money for the future. In the Victorian age there was no such thing as insurance or welfare. This meant that if you lost your business you would lose every thing and you would have nobody to turn to. For example if you had a fire and lost all off the contents of your business you would end up with no money to live on. You would then end up living in the workhouses, which were not very pleasant places to be in. nobody wanted to end up in a workhouse. But if you had saved money over the years you would still be able to live quite a happy life. This is why the richer people never gave much to the less fortunate. Most of the society was like this. You did get a few people that wanted to share what little they had with the ones who had nothing. In Dickens times every body was only thought about themselves. They would put themselves first and other last. Dickens is demonstrating in both texts that family is important In Dickens time there was three different classes of people, the upper, the working and the lower class. In both text dickens only describes the working and the lower. He talks about how the upper class treats the lower and the working classes.

Positive Behaviour Support Essay

Policies and Procedures of the Work Setting There are many different policies and procedures that schools have to abide by some of these are; Behaviour policy- The behaviour policy goes over topics like how to treat others, how you should act in the premises, how you should talk to others and how you should do something when you have been told to do it etc. The policy also goes over rules and consequence’s if the rules are not followed. It goes over how they use positive behaviour support when a child has done well. It explains responsibilities, the curriculum, the values and how rules are reinforced to the children. Bullying policy- In all schools they now have a 0% tolerance on bullying, the policy goes over many things about the anti-bullying policy. It ensures that everyone should be able to work in a safe, caring and productive environment with no fear of being bullied or feeling like they can’t tell anyone if they are. It helps members of the school attend and sort the incident when it occurs. It explains that all bullying should be reported if spotted, if told about it or if you are the victim, it also explains that anti-social behaviour will not be tolerated and consequences will be giving out where and when appropriate. Attendance policy- The attendance policy follows the pupil registration act 2006. All teachers are responsible for taking all registers in the morning and in the afternoon after lunch. Students should turn up for school everyday unless they are ill or have appointments but the school should be informed if this happens. If a child doesn’t turn up for school or fails to turn up at all authorities are usually brought into see what the situation is and fix it. The deputy head and the secretary are responsible for collecting up all the registers and looking them over to see for any cause for concern following it up with the head of school. Child Protection policy- The CPP is put in place to safe guard the students. It explains that students are encouraged to talk and be listened to, that they have someone to approach with any problems, gives advice about how to stay safe and people they can talk to if they do not. All staff are provided with a copy of the CPP at the beginning of the academic. All teachers have a duty of care to the children involved so they can be safe and protected from harm while in school. All children have a right to be protected from something that can cause harm. All staff and volunteers should be able to make  informed and confident decisions and responses to specific child protection issues. All these policies support positive behaviour in many different ways. The behaviour policy supports positive behaviour by it explaining to teachers how to deal with a child when they are acting antisocially in the setting. It also explains to them how to use positive behaviour support when a child or chil dren has done well. The bullying policy supports positive behaviour in children by setting rules and boundaries ensuring that children can work in a safe and caring environment. It helps teachers explain to children what is accepted as bullying and why they shouldn’t hurt other children etc. in a fun way so children understand that they shouldn’t intentionally hurt someone. The attendance policy helps teachers see who is a cause for concern and who isn’t. If a child is absent they are not learning anything and not being helped to do things they would do in school. So it helps the teacher try and get children back into school to keep them positive about it. Child protection policy helps positive behaviour as all children are encouraged to speak and be listened to when there is or isn’t a problem so they know they will be heard which keeps them positive when there’s something wrong as they know they can tell someone when something is wrong. If they have someone in a scho ol they can trust they are more likely to tell them about what is going on which helps them know they have a voice and will be listened to. The Importance of Consistent Rules and Boundaries It is very important that we apply rules and boundaries to children when working in a setting. Rules and boundaries are set so all children can be treated the same not one rule for one and one rule for another, all children know where they stand with teachers and so all children can understand what is considered appropriate behaviour. Rules and boundaries need to be consistent and regularly reinforced by an adult. If messages are not clear to them or if they are conflicting and contradictive they are going to get confused and maybe frustrated and will then find it hard to behave. If children are met with the same response every time they do something wrong they will be less likely to repeat at a later day. All rules and boundaries should be suitable for their age and stage of development and all language used should be clear and make sense not to confuse the children. You must make all your expectations clear so they know how to act and behave. The  Benefits of Encouraging and Rewarding Good Behaviour There are many benefits of encouraging and rewarding good behaviour to the child you are working with, other children in the setting and carers; The Child- Encouraging and rewarding good behaviour for a child has many benefits, they learn that when they have done or are doing well at something they will get something good out of it and if they are doing the wrong they will learn that they will get ignored or depending on the severity of it they will get consequences. It helps them succeed in their work etc. a lot better and makes them happier to do work. It sets a positive out look on stuff they wouldn’t usually like doing and gives them more enthusiasm to go further on with their work. It also makes them more able and gives them a better outlook on school life. Other Children- If other children see you giving a child encouraging and rewarding good behaviour they are also more likely to follow on with it. If they realise their behaviour isn’t be rewarded by someone else’s is they are going to try and do the same to get positive support. It will make them more motivated to do their work and behave as they are then getting something out of it. It will help them be more into their work and their progress will get better. Carer- Carers meaning teachers and others working in the setting would also benefit from children being positively supported as they would be able to work better with the child as they might not be as stubborn and it might make them more a willing to do something they wouldn’t usually do. Their behaviour would be better which would make them better to teach as they would listen and become more into the lesson. The work the children produce would be better as they are listening more and there are less class disruptions so there’s no starting and stopping. The teacher would have a lot more time to help other children that need it and be able to fit more into a day.

SC3039C Punishment and Modern society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SC3039C Punishment and Modern society - Essay Example The purpose of punishment is to give justice to the victim and to discourage other people from following the same action in the future. If there is no authority involved then the action is more of a revenge than or an act of hostility rather than a punishment (Rusche et al 1939: 4). Durkheim is considered the founding fathers of sociology and his theories have greatly influenced the sociological side of criminology. To fully understand his point of view, we must first understand what his assumptions behind the analysis were. Durkheim believed that a society can be understood scientifically. In his first book, the Division of Labour in Society, Durkheim suggested that a society was like a body; a body works with all its parts working in harmony i.e. the hands need the head and the head needs the hands. Similarly, a society cannot function without the individual and the individual cannot function without the society (Durkheim 1984: 58). Durkheim was also of the view that majority of th e individuals share a common moral structure in the society, and this defines the individual’s role in the society (Durkheim 1964: 108). However, there is always a group of people that choose to non-conform to the values set by the society. Durkheim saw the non-conformist functional for the society. In his book The Division of Labour in Society, Durkheim talks about anomie, which is social instability caused by lack of moral standards (Durkheim 1984: 38). It can be described as a situation where rules on how to behave.

EASTERN PHILOSPHER LETTER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EASTERN PHILOSPHER LETTER - Essay Example Of these different relationships, filial piety is the most important. Good family relationships can reform a society and thereby the government of any nation. Filial piety is the greatest virtue, and should be shown towards both the living and the dead. It is the love and respect for one’s parents and ancestors. Filial piety extends beyond the physical care of the parents. It means not to be rebellious, show love, respect and support. It means to uphold fraternity among brothers, to conceal their mistakes, advise parents when necessary, display sorrow at their sickness and death and most importantly carry out sacrifices after their death. Juniors should feel a strong sense of duty and reverence towards the seniors but at the same time, the seniors too should maintain duty of benevolence and concern towards the juniors. The soul of the departed relatives is dependent for happiness upon the conduct and attitude of their living descendents. One can fulfill duty by living a life of virtue, which contributes towards the glory and happiness of the dead. Everyone is born with good nature and this should not be spoilt by external influences. Temptations to evil appetites have to be resisted. Ignorance leads to attainment of vices and knowledge alone can lead one to lead a virtuous life. If students show solicitude for their parents at the end of their lives, and continue this with sacrifices when they are far away, then the virtue is restored to fullness. To perform the role in governing any nation or in the society, it is first necessary to perform the familial role successfully. If the emperor loves his subjects as he would love his own children, they in turn would love, respect and be loyal to him as their father. Filial devotion is not blind loyalty to one’s parents. A man shows true love and respect for one’s father if he remains loyal to his intentions for several years after the father’s death. During the father’s lifetime, you observe

Cost Variance in Healthcare Organizations Research Paper

Cost Variance in Healthcare Organizations - Research Paper Example Like other healthcare organizations, the budget management in this healthcare organization is said to be underdeveloped. This is the reason why we have identified it for the analysis so that we can make possible recommendations. Strategies of Managing Budgets Within Forecast Managing budgets within forecasts is significant in revenue attainment and costs containment. However, ensuring that budgets remain within forecasts is not an easy task. Moreover, budget forecasts are not always accurate in terms of budgetary estimates they give. This makes designing of a strategic budgets management approach to be a necessity in healthcare organizations. In this healthcare organization, specific strategies exist for managing budgets within forecasts. These strategies vary both in their characteristics and in applicability. However, the majority of them are applicable in healthcare organizations like the one identified in this paper. One of the strategies that could be significant in managing bud gets within forecasts is the use of both quantitative and qualitative approaches during forecasting. According to Cole (2003), quantitative approach uses numeric data such as statistics and the accounting data to draw projections. Qualitative approach, on the other hand, uses explicit assumptions and individual judgments about the assumptions to draw conclusions (Cole, 2003). Combination of these two approaches, when looking for budget forecast estimates, assists in obtaining the most accurate and unbiased estimates. These estimates guide the actions taken to maintain the budget within the forecasts. As a result, the strategy could help in managing the budgets within forecasts. The interval which the forecast is based on is significant in obtaining accurate estimates from the forecast. Another strategy that could be adapted to manage budgets within forecasts is the use of small intervals when forecasting. The strategy can be implemented by use of a rolling forecast produced on a qua rterly basis to provide a full-year outlook (Dressler, 2004). An approach that uses short intervals like this one can promote obtaining of more accurate forecasts. Moreover, it can provide forecast estimates that could be obtained from within the large interval forecasts. This could greatly assist in managing budgets within forecasts, thus promoting operability of the organization. According to Cokins (2006), budgeting and financial planning are confusing to many organizations. As a result, many organizations in different industries find it difficult to integrate the two as organizational management. A strategy of employing budgeting together with financial planning in management of an organization is another strategy that could help in managing budgets within forecasts. Financial planning would assist in the drawing of accurate forecasts while budgeting would be assisting in maintaining the spending within the forecasts. However, for this to be achieved, these two aspects must be u sed in an integrated manner. Otherwise, they would not be able to supplement each other, thus failing to achieve their objectives. Expense Results With Budget Expectation Healthcare organizations have several expense results. Each of the results has its own budget expectation. Five of the most significant expense results of healthcare organizations such as the one identified in this paper are salary and wages expenses,

Managing across Cultures individual report Essay

Managing across Cultures individual report - Essay Example As a result of its influence, culture management across organizations has started getting importance in business terms and is currently the one of the most evaluated subject for business analysts researchers and. In the present study culture will be studied with respect to its various dimensions researched by known people. Few of the organizational behaviour and cultural theories will also be discussed in detail Critical analysis of theory and research Culture plays a major role in characterizing the environmental context in which firms operate and decide, chose strategies and structures. A culture essentially consists of the expectations, experiences, philosophies and values ingrained and the elemental brinks which holds an organization or an association together (Bennett, Aston and Colquhoun, 2000). In broader terms organizational culture comprises of visions, norms, working languages, systems, beliefs, symbols and habits. Since individuals work together in an organization as a tea m with a common goal of completing the job, the culture created in a firm will help the team members in understanding each other more successfully (Olsonand Kroeger, 2001). Hofstede defines culture as â€Å"the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from others† (Hofstede et al., 1990). ... ee individuals are integrated with groups Masculinity and Femininity (MAS) - Masculinity represents society’s preference towards heroism, achievement, assertiveness as well as material rewards. On the other hand, Femininity refers preferring modesty, cooperation and care for underprivileged and weak and improving quality of life. Society is both competitive and consensus oriented (Hofstede and McCrae, 2004). Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) - it is the tolerance of a society towards ambiguity and uncertainty. It expresses the tendency of feeling uncomfortable with risks and unexpected changes. countries showing strong UI have rigid belief codes while weak UI society have more tranquil attitudes where practice is given more preference than principles Long term and Short term orientation- long term orientation refers to the society and their individual’s explore for virtues. On the other hand, short term orientation refers to preference for absolute truth. They are normative t hinkers and exhibit respect for traditions. Another model of cultural dimensions was given by Trompenaars. He classified cultures according to a mix of value and behavioral patterns. The research was particularly focused on business executives. Seven value orientations were evaluated. The seven dimensions were particularism versus universalism, individualism versus communitarians, emotional versus neutral, specific versus diffuse, ascription versus achievement, nature-human relationship and nature-time relationship. Trompennar’s work primarily focuses on sociology and includes two measurements for attitudes which were environment and time. Researchers have divided Trompennars theory into two different aspects. There are three ways to handle cultural problems and five individual dimensions. Edward

Fairness in Taxation theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fairness in Taxation theory - Essay Example In 1949, the income tax rate was 50 Percent. Ideally, there was not fairness because every person paid tax on equal tax rates irrespective of how much a person earned. However, when Income and Corporation Act 1970 was enacted in 1970, it improved distribution of tax burden among different income groups. Tax rates were divided into lower rate, basic rate, higher rate, and addition rates depending on the levels of income earned by individuals. On the other hand, corporate tax rates were categorized into small profit rates, small profit upper limit rate, marginal relief limits and the main rate. Categorisation of tax rates for individuals and corporation brought some fairness in the tax system. Brederode (2009) define fairness to paying tax according to ones ability. It should also be based on the benefits (public goods/services) a person or corporation receives from the government. Fairness in taxation means that all people are treated equally without discrimination. Furthermore, Adam Smith defined fair taxation as a progressive tax system. Progressive tax system imposes greater tax burden to the rich as compared to the less rich. Therefore, a person or entity pays tax according to the amount earned and public goods consumed. If a person or entity earns more income or uses more of a public good, tax burden imposed on them also increases. However, fairness varies over time and is highly subjective. According to Adam Smith, statistics indicated that affluent (rich) people often benefit more with economic expansion. Therefore, because benefits accrue more to the richer when there is economic development and expansion; it becomes natural that they pay more tax to support a government that delivers the public goods and services to them. In addition, a large corporation uses more of public good than a small corporation uses and should be taxed more. Furthermore, concerning income tax on individuals, non-domiciled citizens are required to pay taxes on income earned in f oreign country to pay for the benefits he or she received when growing or residing in the original home country. The importance of fairness in taxation Fairness in tax administration is critical. This is because fairness plays a critical role in influencing tax payers behaviours and attitudes. First, fairness in taxation is an indication of distributive justice. When taxpayers feel that the tax burden has been distributed fairly, they are likely to voluntarily contribute their taxes. Therefore, tax enforcement agencies will not increase their surveillance or increase their sanctions to make taxpayers comply. Consequently, will people behave fairly if the tax system treats them fairly and the cost of surveillance or sanctions will be reduced significantly. Secondly, it reduces uncertainties. Taxpayers normally feel anxious about taxes that they pay. However, if they perceive that taxation burden has been applied fairly, their anxiety or uncertainties reduce significantly and are able to concentrate on productive activities. Thirdly, fairness legitimises the tax system. Unfair taxation system may result in psychological reactance in taxpayers and may lead to opposite and retaliatory actions or behaviours. This is because people will perceive unfair tax system as illegitimate and are more likely to evade and avoid taxes. This may result to fewer taxes collects and increased administrative costs. b) Fairness in the 2010/2011 UK’

Egg Osmosis Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Egg Osmosis - Lab Report Example Because of these changes that extracellular conditions may incur, animals such as humans have in them mechanisms like kidneys by which the interstitial fluid which bathe the cells remain isotonic to the cytoplasm. A differentially permeable plasma membrane is an important feature of cells as it encloses all the organelles to increase the concentration of reactants (by decreasing the volume) available for chemical processes specific to the organelle. In addition, it protects the cell from the constantly changing external milieu. The unregulated entry of big and ionic molecules is prevented by the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. Impermeable molecules that are nonetheless essential are transported through proteins embedded in the membrane. The most common example is water, which passes through the transmembrane aquaporins. The water molecule is an 18 g/mol molecule, which is small compared to a 32 g/mol O2 that can pass through the membrane much more freely than water. So how come water molecules still need aquaporins to be able to pass through the amphiphilic plasma membrane? Despite their neutral charge, water molecules are polar molecules which have a transient negative on the O side and a transient positive in between the two H molecules. This polarity makes them attractive to other polar solutes, producing a transient solute-water binding that decreases the thermodynamic activity (or movement). The more impermeable solutes are present the less is its activity. Because energy spontaneously flow from high to low thermodynamic activity, water movement, or osmosis, should go from a low (hypotonic solution) to high concentration (hypertonic solution) of solutes. If no osmosis was observed, the cytoplasm is said to be isotonic to the surrounding solution. Osmosis happening in cells was replicated in this experiment, with unshelled eggs

Should the voting age in the UK be reduced to 16 years of age Essay

Should the voting age in the UK be reduced to 16 years of age - Essay Example And up till now, the prohibiting teenagers from the vote has received reasonably little attention in public discussion. (Shrag, 2004) â€Å"Only an approximately 40% of 18–24 year-olds voted in the general election in 2001. Only an estimated 11.5% of 18–24 year-olds voted in the local elections in 2002†. (www.neath-porttalbot.gov.uk) There are several reasons for these low numbers. Some individuals think that by lowering the voting and standing age would be a step forward to give confidence more young people to take interest in elections. While the others think that younger people do not until now have enough considerate of issues like tax and public services to be permitted to a vote or stand as a candidate. The criteria for voting age restriction in most of the countries are 18. Some other countries have different age restriction of voting like, 20 and 21. A few other countries have lowered the age restriction to 16 or 17. On the other hand, some countries have a lower voting age for local level elections than for national elections. Those who say we should keep the age limitations as they are saying that the related voting age in nearly all other countries means we have got it right. People think that only people over eighteen are mature enough and actually take political issues seriously. Right now, people are thinking whether or not sixteen-years old should be able to vote. Some people think that at the age of sixteen the teens are not old and mature enough to vote in an election. The truth is, they should be able to vote. (Franklin, 2004, 45-56) At the age of sixteen, it is only 2 years away from eighteen, and thats not a very big of a difference. Teens also know what is right and wrong, do not have to wait until eighteen, the "legal" age. They also have the right for political parties to give serious

Environmental Problems and Solutions Case Study

Environmental Problems and Solutions - Case Study Example Whenever more energy has been trapped than needed, it effect can increase the climate of the earth. There are certain reasons because of which these gases trap more energy than needed. Nature has kept the atmosphere in such a balance that any meddling in its route or cycle may harm the entire cycle. The present atmosphere of our planet is according to needs of human body. But time and again man has meddled with this cycle. The excessive use of explosives either during the war or on testing basis is the basic reason for the increase in global atmosphere. The explosives used in the wars carry dangerously poisonous and hot gases that mix with the greenhouse gases 2and result in the trap of more heat than needed. Similarly, the factories emit poisonous gases. Here the developed countries like USA and EU are the greater contributors, because they have more factories than the rest of the world. The underdeveloped countries are also adding to this global warming because the vehicles used are normally so deplorably in a bad condition that they emit many times more poisonous smoke than the normal order. These haphazard practices of human beings are resulting in certain damages to the natural cycle of life. The global temperature has been changed rapidly. ... The ecosystem of our planet is also getting becoming chaotic, because of the human folly. This folly creates a vicious circle, where each problem exacerbates other problems which feedbacks into each other. A recent research of population trends, climate change, increasing pollution and emerging diseases found that 40 percent of deaths in the world could be attributed to environmental factors. Actually the ecosystem3 has been set in such a way that every species depends on the other. If one gets disturbed or destroyed, the other will definitely suffer. Sometimes even the entire species are wiped out because of certain human irregularities and indiscipline. The ozone layer is also getting damaged day by day. The destruction of ozone layer is also increasing the UV-radiation, that combined with higher ocean temperature, cause the reduction in carbon dioxide trapping mechanism of the oceanic phytoplankton biomass ,which adds to global warming process. When the warming reaches a certain level, it releases huge amounts of greenhouse gasses trapped in the permafrost. This enhances the global warming, and the polar destruction of ozone, and so on. Global warming also results in the rise of sea level. The general scientific law that liquid expands on heating is quite applicable to the rise in sea level. When the seawater gets warm, its level rises 4resulting in irreparable loss and damage to the land. Many islands disappear completely. Millions dollars worth property and business is obliterated in a few seconds. History is witness to the fact that more people have died by the after effects of the natural catastrophe than the catastrophe itself. Floods and

The Potential of Coconut Bagasse in Making White Charcoal Essay Example for Free

The Potential of Coconut Bagasse in Making White Charcoal Essay AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE REGULATION OF THE CUTTING OF COCONUT TREES, ITS REPLENISHMENT, PROVIDING PENALTIES THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. The Republic Act No. 8048, also known as the â€Å"Coconut Preservation Act of 1995†, states the importance, conservation and replanting of coconut trees. The act was approved on June 7, 1995 http://www.ustcivillaw.com/Republic%20Acts/RepActNo6260.php REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6260 AN ACT INSTITUTING A COCONUT INVESTMENT FUND AND CREATING A COCONUT INVESTMENT COMPANY FOR THE ADMINISTRATION THEREOF. The republic act no. 6260, also known as the coconut investment act, states the development of the coconut industry through the provision of adequate medium and long-term financing for capital investment in the industry by creating a corporation to be known as the Coconut Investment Company. It was approved on June 19, 1971 http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno4403.html REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4403 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4403 AN ACT ENCOURAGING THE ORGANIZATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COCONUT COOPERATIVES UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE PHILIPPINE COCONUT ADMINISTRATION, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED ELEVEN HUNDRED FORTY-FIVE| | The republic act no. 4403 states the aim to help planters and processors organize themselves into associations and/or agro-industrial coconut cooperatives with a view to giving them greater control in the marketing of their products, to help them obtain more credit facilities, and to assist them in getting more participation in the income of the coconut industry. It was approved on June 19, 1965 RELATED LITERATURE http://www.pyroenergen.com/articles08/black-white-charcoal.htm Black Charcoal and White Charcoal This contains the differences between black and white charcoal, the procedures in making black and white charcoal and the benefits of white charcoal. It is also said that These charcoals are made by different methods of burning. About the Author: - Junji Takano is a Japanese health researcher involved in investigating the cause of many dreadful diseases. In 1968, he invented PYRO-ENERGEN, the first electrostatic therapy device for electromedicine that effectively eradicates viral diseases, cancer, and diseases of unknown cause. http://www.whitecharcoal.com/history_country.php History and Origin of White Charcoal| The history of white charcoal in goes back several thousand years to the Jomon era (Japan) according to web of japan. During the medieval period, Japan introduced Chinese charcoal-making techniques that represented an advance for those days, and around the 14th century charcoal was in common use. In the early modern period, Chado (the Way of Tea) took on greater importance, and this led to the making of an even finer variety of charcoal for the tea ceremony. Today, Japans charcoal-making techniques are admired worldwide. We can classify the different types of charcoal used in Japan into two broad categories: kuro-zumi (black charcoal) and shiro-zumi (white charcoal). http://www.oilgae.com/energy/sou/ae/re/be/bm/bag/bag.html Bagasse (sometimes spelled bagass) is the biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. Bagasse is often used as a primary fuel source for sugar mills; when burned in quantity, it produces sufficient heat energy to supply all the needs of a typical sugar mill, with energy to spare.

Retigabine for Seizures

Retigabine for Seizures Definition Ezogabine (United States) or retigabine (Europe) has the chemical name N-[2-amino-4-(4-fluorobenzylamino) phenyl] carbamic acid ethyl ester. It was shown that the anticonvulsive action of ezogabine is a consequence of its ability to open the KCNQ (Kv7)-type potassium channels that are composed of four subunits and are found in the membranes of neurons [2]. The importance of this type of potassium channels in the development of epilepsy was understood only after its dysfunction was linked to benign familial neonatal convulsions [3,4]. Ezogabine binds to all subtypes of the KCNQ potassium channels, including the KCNQ2-5- subtypes that are expressed in brain tissue. The especially heteromeric KCNQ2/3and KCNQ3/5 potassium channels are highly expressed in the central nervous system and more important in the control of neuronal excitability than other types because they mediate M currents [5,6]. Ezogabine is the only anticonvulsant that has a mechanism of action that involves opening potassium channels. This fact was the initial rationale for the drug’s development, as researchers sought to produce a new drug that would be effective in patients with drug therapy-resistant epilepsy. Ezogabine is the first antiepileptic drug with this mechanism of action and was developed to fill this gap and help with the treatment of drug-resistant patients. Finally, clinical trials documented the effectiveness of ezogabine as adjuvant therapy for the reduction of partial-onset seizure frequency, and it received marketing authorization in 2011 in both the United States and Europe [17] The properties Ezogabine is a poorly water soluble small molecule (molecular weight 303.3). ]. The standard method for identification of ezogabine is reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with or without mass spectrometry using electro spray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass analyzer [19]. The results of ezogabine identification could be confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy [19]. Mechanism of action The mechanism of action of ezogabine was investigated using the electrophysiological measurements of ionic currents in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (transfected with cDNA encoding humanM1 muscarinic receptors,KCNQand CD8cDNAs) and rat ganglion cells, using the amphotericin-B perforatedpatch technique [22]. The effects of ezogabine were tested on ionic currents from both heteromeric KCNQ2/3 and homomeric KCNQ1, KCNQ2, KCNQ3 and KCNQ4 potassium channels. The potassium currents were enhanced by ezogabine through all types of channels, except KCNQ1. The effects of ezogabine were also tested in another study on HEK293 cells stably transfected with KCNQ5 channels [23]; it was shown that ezogabine concentration-dependently also enhances the potassium current through this type of channel. After binding for the KCNQ channel, ezogabine decreases the membrane  potential threshold for activation of the channel (makes it more negative, i.e., shifts it toward the hyperpolarizing end) and in creases the probability of maximum opening of the KCNQ channel [22,23]. All of these effects make neurons less prone to depolarization and activation. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism The absolute bioavailability of orally-administered RTG is ~ 60% [34]. Absorption is rapid and Cmax is typically reached 30 120 min after a single oral dose [35-38]. Cmax is moderately increased when RTG is taken with a high-fat meal, while the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) remains unchanged [39]. RTG is rapidly eliminated following first-order kinetics, with a terminal half-life of approximately 7.5 h; the clearance is 0.58 0.76 l ·h-1 ·kg-1 [35-37]. Young women may reach 30% higher Cmax values than men after accounting for body weight, but weight adjusted clearance is similar [36]. RTG has a large volume of distribution (8.7 l ·kg-1) and a plasma protein binding of about 80% [35,39]. In healthy volunteers, RTG pharmacokinetics is linearly dose-proportional for doses of 50 350 ÃŽ ¼g BID and not affected by multiple administrations indicating that RTG does not influence its own metabolism [35]. In epilepsy patients, RTG dose linearity was demonstrated over the therapeutic dose range of 200 400 mg t.i.d. [35,40]. RTG is not metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes [41,42]. Rather, it is extensively metabolized by N-glucuronidation, leading to formation of two major N-glucuronides, and to a smaller extent by N-acetylation, leading to formation of the N-acetyl metabolite of retigabine (NAMR, formerly AWD21-360), which also undergoes glucuronidation [41,42]. In vitro assays using recombinant human UDPglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) identified UGT1A1, 1A9, 1A4, and 1A3 as the principal enzymes catalyzing RTG glucuronidation [43,44]. In subjects with reduced UGT1A1 metabolic capacity (Gilbert’s syndrome), RTG pharmacokinetics is unchanged and N-acetylation partially compensates for reduced glucuronidation, in addition to compensation by other UGT1A isoforms [45]. Other UGT1 and UGT2 family members also appear to be involved, because complete loss of UGT1A metabolic capacity (Crigler-Najjar type II) did not completely abolis h RTG glucuronidation in vitro [44]. Individuals with genetic polymorphisms in the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene leading to a â€Å"slow acetylation† phenotype had a lower total exposure to NAMR than rapid acetylators [45]. Safety and tolerability of RTG treatment is apparently not altered in subjects with Gilbert’s syndrome or slow acetylation polymorphisms [45]. RTG and its metabolites are primarily excreted by the kidney [42,45]. A 30% slower RTG clearance in elderly subjects vs. young subjects is consistent with the known decline of renal function with age [36]. Systemic RTG clearance can be reduced by 50% in patients with moderate/severe impairment of liver function (Child-Pugh score †¡ 7) or kidney function (creatinine clearance Safety and tolerability Three Phase III clinical trials were pivotal to the eventual approval of ezogabine for use to treat seizures. The first was a study by Porter et al. during which placebo or ezogabine  at daily doses of 600, 900, or 1200 mg was administered [9]. RESTORE 1 compared placebo to ezogabine 1200 mg/day, and RESTORE 2 compared subjects taking 600 or 900 mg  of ezogabine daily with those taking placebo [4,10]. As would be expected and consistent with other antiepileptic agents, the most commonly observed adverse effects seen with ezogabine use are CNS-related. At least 10% of study participants in Phase III clinical trials experienced somnolence, fatigue, confusion, dizziness, tremor, abnormal thinking, vertigo,  speech disorders, or amnesia [4,9,10]. Most of these adverse effects appear to be related to dose, and are typically reported to be mild or moderate in nature. As in the Phase III trials, the majority (62%) of adverse events were CNS-related. In addition, several ezogabine user s experienced neuropsychiatric events including hallucinations (2%), confusion (9%), and psychosis (1%) [12]. The majority of these episodes occurred within the first two months of drug exposure in individuals with no documented history of a psychiatric disorder.

Historical Survey of Dental Restorative Materials

Historical Survey of Dental Restorative Materials Historical Survey of Dental Restorative Materials Introduction: Dental restorative material is a biomaterial used to restore the shape and function of damaged or missing tooth (caused by caries or trauma). Restorative materials can be divided into two types depending on whether they are designated to be applied directly to the injured tooth or fabricated in the lab firstly. 1. Direct Dental Restoration: Direct restoration means the usage of dental materials to save injured tooths function. A filling is a way to restore a damaged tooth by decay to recover its function and shape again (1). There are several kinds of materials which are used as filling. The right choice is determined by many factors; such as: extent of required repair, cost, having allergies to specific materials, etc Metallic Fillings: Gold fillings: gold has used as filling material. It is prepared in a laboratory and after that it is cemented into required place. Gold inlays are well compatible by gum tissues. Gold is considered the best filling material because it may last more than twenty years (1). However, gold filling often requires many visits to dentist as well as it is the most expensive choice. The following figure is for tooth with gold filling: Fig. (1): Gold filling Amalgam Fillings: first introduction of amalgam was in the United States in 1830, then this material was developed in both England and France. The amalgam fillings consist of silver, copper, zinc, tin and mercury. After starting of using amalgam as filling, controversy arose because of adding the mercury to fillings. At the beginning, this material is not embraced in the USA by the organized dentistry. In 1840, many members of dental surgeons of the American Society refused to use amalgam as filling material(2). In fact, the amount of mercury which was added to fillings was harmful to the health of patients. The mercury exists in filling may seep into the patients system and lead to a number of health concerns, for example: cancers or multiple sclerosis. Therefore, nowadays a lots of precautions have been taken to be sure that amalgam fillings are safe as possible as for patients (3). Generally, amalgam fillings are resistant to wear and inexpensive. But, according to their dark color, they are not desirable like other filling materials as well as they are not used in visible areas, like front teeth. The following figure is for tooth with amalgam filling: Fig. (2):Amalgam filling Non-metallic Fillings: Resin-Based Composite (RBC) fillings: composite fillings are closely to be the same color of natural teeth and these fillings are used where a natural appearance is required. The components are mixed and then placed directly into the tooth cavity, after that they harden. Actually, many experiences have approved that composites are not the ideal filling for large cavities because they may wear over time. As well, composites may become stained from tobacco or drinks like coffee or tea. They do not last more than three to ten years, however, recent research has suggested that the longevity of resin-based composites could be equally to amalgam (4). The following figure is for tooth with composite filling: Fig. (3):Composite filling Porcelain fillings: these fillings could be inlays or onlays. They are produced to order in a dental laboratory and then bonded to the damaged tooth. Porcelain fillings can be resist staining and matched to the natural tooth color. Generally, porcelain restorations cover most of the tooth. However, the cost of these fillings is similar to gold fillings. Glass-ionomer cements/water-based cements: Self-setting which is pure glass ionomers, or light cured which is resin modified glass-ionomers. Glass ionomer restoratives become popular with dentists because of their adhesive properties as well their ease of handling. They are relatively poor in resistance to moisture. These fillings have adequate compressive strength to be used as core build-up. However, flexural strength and fracture toughness of these materials are low. Therefore glass ionomer cements are suitable to place where there is tooth substance remaining to support the filling material and where resistance could be obtained from tooth tissue. Cermet cements do not supply advantages more than glass ionomers and they usually have poor adhesion to tooth structure(5). In general, the longevity of glass-ionomers is lower than that of amalgam or RBCs (4). Long-term temporary fillings; for example: reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cements (4). 2. Indirect Dental Restoration: Indirect restorations are prepared in laboratory away from the injured tooth. Indirect restorations include inlays which are intracoronal, crowns and bridges that are extracoronal, or onlays which is considered as a combination of intracoronal- extracoronal. Crowns: Crowns could cover all/ partially the surfaces of tooth. After making a decision which restoration should be done for patient, materials and methods should be determined to begin the fabrication (5). Design and Materials Selection for Indirect Restorations: Gold: For more than 4 thousand years, gold has used as a restorative material in dentistry. The first gold fixed bridges were introduced by Romans and then its dental applications have published widely (6). The selection of restoration type and design will depend on the clinical situation details. However, gold is considered as one of the most efficient restorative material especially as extracoronal. Fig 4,5 show Cast gold crown (7,8). Fig (4): Cast gold crown Fig (5): Cast gold crown Advantages Disadvantages Having a hardness which is similar to the normal enamel Gold crown is fabricated by cast process from molten that may sometimes lead to microgaps at margins which are liable to decay Contours of occlusal and axial are built up clearly in the wax Visibly different from the color of natural teeth long-lasting High sensitivity hot/cold Used for complete/partial tooth coverage. long procedures for preparation (cast) and treatment Avoiding problems caused by using dissimilar metals High cost Porcelain: For many years, porcelain has used as a dental restorative material. Porcelain is a brittle material that requires special treatment for surface, such as: etching and silanisation. Porcelain crowns require restriction to anterior teeth excluding some types such as, Empress II, Inceram and Procera which are considered high-strength ceramics. Advantages Disadvantages Strong hardness of porcelain is more than natural enamel, that may cause damaging to the other natural teeth (for example; clench and grind) Natural looking Small thickness makes porcelain brittle and fracture No conductivity of (heat-cold) More reduction of tooth structure should be done Suitable for metal sensitivity-patients Fig 6 shows porcelain crowns (8). Fig (6): porcelain crowns Porcelain metal: Porcelain metal crowns combine between durability strength of the metal, and good aesthetics of the porcelain, Fig.(7): shows porcelain gold crown (8). Fig (7): Porcelain Gold Crown Advantages Disadvantages Comparing with full porcelain it is Stronger more durable Opacity because of the metal base Better aesthetic than full metal Existence of dark metal edge at the gum line Bonding techniques used are less sensitive than techniques used for full porcelain Porcelain and metal base could separate during use Limitation because of metal allergies of some Patients Composites: Recently, Composites are used widely in dentistry according to their high strength, high wear resistance and less expensive than other materials like: porcelain, gold, or zirconia. As well, composites used in onlay/crowns have permanent form stability comparing with other materials (5). However, sometimes a material less wear-resistant is more favorable to be sacrificial to nature. Fig. (8) shows a composite crown (5): Fig (8):A composite crown Table (1) illustrates comparison of materials used for indirect restoration (9): table (1): Comparison of materials used for crown manufacturing Porcelain Porcelain metal Gold alloys Metal alloys Biocompatibility Well tolerated. some patients may show allergenic sensitivity to base metals. Well tolerated. Well tolerated, but some patients may show allergenic sensitivity to base metals. Esthetic natural color translucency limits translucency because of metal. desirable color Durability Brittle Strength is related to bond to underlying. strong durable. High strength toughness Fracture Resistance Weak under tension impact. metal improve the strength. Highly resistant. Wear Resistance Highly resistant, except when porcelain surface becomes rough. Resistant Sensitivity Low thermal conductivity High thermal conductivity Implants: First introduction of dental implants was in the 1960s by Brà ¥nemark. Dental implants are fabricated to replace missing teeth. The chemical and physical properties (composition characteristics of the implant surface and its microstructure, in addition to the design of implant) determine the factors which influence the implant therapy. Many criteria should be achieved such as, strength, biocompatibility, toughness, resistance of wear, corrosion, and fracture. The design principles and the physical properties of the material must be compatible. Table 2 includes materials used to produce dental implants due to their chemical composition (10). Table (2): Chemical composition of implant material Titanium Titanium Alloys: Several metals and metallic alloys including: gold, cobalt chromium, and stainless steel are used to produce dental implants. Last research declare that titanium is the gold standard metal to fabricate dental implants. This material approves long-term survival during experiments (10) and totally inertia to fluids of the mouth (11). Table (3): shows the mechanical and physical properties of biomedical titanium alloys. Table (3): Mechanical and physical properties of biomedical titanium alloys Material Modulus (GPa) Tensile Strength (MPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Elongation (%) Density (g/cc) Type of Alloy Cp Ti grade I 102 240 170 24 4.5 ÃŽÂ ± Cp Ti grade II 102 345 275 20 4.5 ÃŽÂ ± Cp Ti grade III 102 450 380 18 4.5 ÃŽÂ ± Cp Ti grade IV 104 550 483 15 4.5 ÃŽÂ ± Ti-6Al-4V- ELI 113 860 795 10 4.4 ÃŽÂ ± + ÃŽÂ ² Ti-6Al-4V 113 930 860 10 4.4 ÃŽÂ ± + ÃŽÂ ² Ti-6Al-7Nb 114 900-1050 880-950 8-15 4.4 ÃŽÂ ± + ÃŽÂ ² Ti-5Al-2.5Fe 112 1020 895 15 4.4 ÃŽÂ ± + ÃŽÂ ² Ti-15Zr-4Nb-2Ta-0.2Pd 94-99 715-919 693-806 18-28 4.4 ÃŽÂ ± + ÃŽÂ ² Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr 80 911 864 13.2 4.4 ÃŽÂ ² The ÃŽÂ ± + ÃŽÂ ² alloy is the most commonly used for the manufacturing of dental implants. This alloy is made up of 6% aluminum 4% vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) (10). Reports indicate that incidence ranging of titanium implant fracture from 0% to 6%,on the other hand, it is an uncommon occurrence. Fig (9): shows the titanium implant fracture. Fig (9): Titanium implant fracture. Recently, there are some concerns that titanium could evoke an undesirable host reaction; however, little evidence is available about that. Ceramics First introduction of ceramics to dental implants were in the form of coatings onto metal-based implants. They were used to improve osseointegration. Recently, various forms of ceramic coatings have been used for dental implants. Table 4 illustrates ceramic materials used as dental implants (10): Table 4: Ceramic materials used as dental implants Material Chemical Composition Hydroxylapatite (HA) Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ÃŽÂ ±, ÃŽÂ ²,Ca3(PO4)2 Fluorapatite (FA) Ca10(PO4)6F2 Tetracalcium phosphate Ca4P2O9 Calcium pyrophosphate Ca4P2O7 Brushite CaHPO4, CaHPO4 ·2H2O Bioglasses SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P205-MgO, Aluminium oxide Al2O3 Zirconium oxide ZrO2 Zirconia is the most favorable among oxide ceramics according to its excellent mechanical properties. Yttria stabilised tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) materials exhibits high corrosion wear resistance, in addition to its high flexural strength (800 to 1000 MPa) comparing with other dental ceramics (10). An understanding of the bio-mechanical failure modes of zirconia implants is essential so that an optimal zirconia implant design can be developed. Based on more fundamental studies in the biomaterials science field, the physical mechanism of ceramic implant failure can be either chemical and/or mechanical in nature. Mechanical failure can occur either during the surgical placement of the implant or subsequent functional loading. Clinical examples of fracture modes of zirconia implants are shown in fig. 10,11: Fig (10): zirconia implant fractured during surgery Fig (11): zirconia implant fractured after loading. References: 1. Colgate. Oral Care Centre, 2016. Weblog. Available from: http://www.colgate.com/en/us/oc/oral-health/procedures/fillings/article/what-is-a-filling 2. WOLFE B. Energetic Healthcare and Dentistry. Weblog. Available from: http://www.drwolfe.com/dentistry/mercury_fillings 3. The 123 Community Dentist Network. The History of Dental Fillings, 2013. Weblog. Available from: The History of Dental Fillings 4. Report of the meeting convened at World Health Organization. Future Use of Materials for Dental Restoration. Switzerland, 2009. 5.. Restoration of teeth (complex restorations) 6. KNOSP H., HOLLIDAY R. J., CORTI C.W..Gold in Dentistry: Alloys, Uses and Performance,2003. 7. Donaldson J. A. The Use of Gold in Dentistry, AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW. PART I, 1980. 8. RICH M.A Comparison of Dental Crown Materials. Health Centered Dentistry. Weblog. Available from: http://drmartharich.com/resources/a-comparison-of-dental-crown-materials 9.American Dental Association. Oral Health Topics- Dental Materials. Weblog. Available from: http://www.ada.org/en/member-center/oral-health-topics/dental-materials 10. OSMAN R. B., SWAIN M. V. A Critical Review of Dental Implant Materials with an Emphasis on Titanium versus Zirconia, 2015. 11. CROITORU S. M., MIHAILESCU I. N., POPOVICI I. A. Materials and Technologies Used in Present Dental Implants Manufacturing, 2014.

Dead Poets Society :: essays research papers

When I first saw Dead Poets Society, it was nothing I expected. The film is quite serious and it is without question the best movie I've ever seen. It takes place in 1959 at Welton Academy, a private collage prep school for boys where discipline is the most important goal and any demonstration of a free thought is strictly prohibited . One voice stands out among narrow-minded administration-John Keatings, eccentric and inspiring teacher. He wants his students to "suck the bone of life to the marrow", "to seize the day", and to make their lives "extraordinary". Keatings teaches poetry, but his students get a lot more than that- they learn passion, courage, and romance. Group of his students dare to form Dead Poets Society, a secret organization. One of the boys, Neil, who wants to be an actor but whose overbearing father forbids him to , commits a suicide and dies . His roommate , Todd, is trying to live up to expectations after his brother becomes the school's valedictorian. At the end, Mr. Keatings is fired after being accused of having a negative impact on his students. Self-esteem becomes one of the centers of the movie. Neil's low self-esteem reveals itself only in the relationship with Neil's father, but leads Neil to his tragic end. On the other hand, Todd, with the help of Professor Keatings, was able to build up his self-esteem . John Keatings wasn't a regular professor: his teaching methods were very different from those of others in Welton Academy. The relationship between Todd and professor Keatings is quite interesting because we can see the transformation that Todd went through from being afraid to answer teacher's question to being the first one to show his appreciation for Mr. Keatings when doing so could lead to expelling from the school.It is very interesting to see how John Keatings establishes the relationship with his students. He is quite open with his students about his attitude towards the world and his ideas about the purposes of life, and other general things, however, at the same time he doesn't reveal his personal life. This is very understandable due to the fact that he is a teacher, and his role as a teacher prevents him from getting too personal with his students. Moreover, in my opinion, it was very important to keep this barrier between the professor and his students because otherwise they could've lost their respect for him as a teacher.

Edgar Allen Poe Essay -- essays papers

Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe: A Brilliant Writer Edgar Allen Poe was one of the most brilliant writers of the nineteenth century. His short stories and poems consist of horror, mortality, romantic struggle, and psychological concept. Poe’s tales labeled him as a master in his study of instability of self-control, the restrain of emotion, and access of feeling. His literary works were based on his personal background; therefore, many have similar characteristics. Poe was a manic depressant, and frequently wrote while under the influence of morphine and alcohol. Poe gives an example of his influenced writing in the story Ligeia. The story portrays Ligeia and her husband as opium addicts (Bonaparte, 236). Perhaps his abnormal behavior could explain why he used such great detail in form of writing. In most of Poe’s short stories the point of view is first person and often the narrator is nameless. Each narrator is unique, some are sane, others are unclear, and several approach a fine line that separates sanity from insanity (Rose). For example, the narration in The Black Cat is spoken through confusion and influenced by alcohol, yet The Fall House of Usher is told through the mind of a paranoid schizophrenic. Both stories are by nameless narrators. His focused on death in many of his short stories and poems. Poe’s theory of death and dying are more detailed than anything else. From the start to finish of his career he was casual to stop any action, which could be remaining over the grave, the shadowing of the moon, and the emblems of mortality and massacre (Davidson, 114). Often Poe wrote on how one’s death can effect someone’s emotions and mental stability. His ... ...ain his stability during his death sentence (Davidson, 134). Poe’s unique writing style is what makes him such a well-known literary author. His personal life is what made his writings so interesting and gruesomely detailed. He never hesitates to use psychoanalysis to describe his point of view. His passionate writing is what marks Edgar Allen Poe as a brilliant 19th century author. Bibliography: Bonaparte, Marie. Life and Works of Edgar Allen Poe. New York: Humanities Press, 1971 Davidson, Edward. Poe a Critical Study. Massachusetts : The Belknap Press, 1970 Grafx, Gibson. â€Å"Easylit Poe†. 1 Feb. 1997. . Rose, Elizabeth. â€Å"Poe’s Perceptions†. 1 Sept. 2000. . Werlock, Abby. The Facts on File: Companion to the American Short Story. New York: Facts on File, 2000

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom :: Action Movies Film Indian Culture Racism Essays

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom As I sat and watched â€Å"Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom,† the version of the â€Å"Orient† we get in this film is quite clear. Played and acted out by Harrison Ford, he was the all-knowing, adventurous, witty, â€Å"save the day† kind of guy, who just happens to be a professor and archaeologist as well. He knew throughout every scene, how to handle a particular situation even though parts of this country were foreign to him. What makes this â€Å"Orient† stand out even worse is his side kick, â€Å"Willie†, whom he met at the beginning of the movie in a Chinese night club. Kate Capeshaw, better known as Willie, plays the damsel in distress in this one. She plays an irritating â€Å"dumb blonde† who screeches at everything and breaks nails. She makes stupid avoidable mistakes and serves as a meddling stumbling block in Indiana’s path. One scene in particular that portrays her as the typical woman of Western society is when Indiana, Shorty, and her leave the village to head to Pankot Palace on elephants. Soon after boarding each of their own elephants, Willie is putting on perfume not only for herself but onto the elephant as well. This is to cover up the animals’ odor. Miraculously, she just happens to have perfume on her in the middle of India. As one watches â€Å"Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom,† many scenes can be interpreted to represent the Indian culture that Jones, â€Å"Shorty†, and Willie encounter. Although the depiction of this culture seems very real throughout the movie and in certain scenes, the fact of the matter is is that the Indian culture is far from the true reality of life in terms of individual, academic and political levels. In the following paragraphs, I will explain different scenes throughout the movie that destroy the culture and racial background of India. Upon one of the first scenes that takes place ten minutes into the movie, Spielberg (director of the movie), conveys the country of India to be this weird, bizarre, creepy, forested and semi-cannibalistic jungle. I believe this was a crude and untrue portrayal of this country. I feel the worst scene of this movie was the dinner scene. They’re eating out of monkey’s skulls and they make the other culture look like complete barbarians. The eyes in the soup, which Willie sees and is mortified by, only makes the portrayal that much worse.

Smith Systems Consulting

The assignment for week two is to study three virtual organizations, choose one, and write about an information system that is critical to that organization’s business processes. The chosen organization for this paper is Smith Systems Consulting (SSC). SSC Inc. is a technology-driven company that offers services building and maintaining databases, designing and hosting websites, and all types of programming. This makes SSC the perfect organization to focus on because their entire business focuses on some aspect of information systems. This paper, however, will focus on how important computers are to SSC Inc. To understand how information systems affect SSC, it is necessary to first understand just what an information system is. An information system can be described as â€Å"any combination of information technology and people's activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making† (Wikipedia, 2010). Jon Jensen, instructor for the Business Systems in the IT department at University of Phoenix in Taylorsville, Utah, teaches that information systems are things that â€Å"collect, store, analyze and disseminate information for a specific purpose. An information system includes inputs and outputs. By either of these two definitions, a computer is undoubtedly an informtion system. A computer actually contains smaller classes of information systems like a processor, hard drive, and keyboard, but for the purpose of this paper they will be combined as a single item. The focus then becomes how computers are critical to the business processes of SSC Inc. A business process can be defined as â€Å"a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers† (Wikipedia, 2010). There are three types of business processes. 1. Management Process: This is just as it sounds. Processes involved in the management and supervision of the business. 2. Operational Process: This is the â€Å"what† of the business. What the business does, makes, sells, distributes, or the service it provides. 3. Support Process: These processes are there to support the â€Å"what† of the business. Things like payroll and accounting, inventory and supply, call centers and tech support. Management Process- Since its founding in 1984, SSC Inc. has grown from a small business of five people to a multimillion dollar enterprise employing more than 350 people. A business won’t grow to reach these numbers without great vision and leadership. Computers no doubt played and continue to play an important roll in SSC’s management processes. Software programs ran on computers help visionary leaders forcast and track the success of their ideas. Using computers, they can compare results of similar ideas in similar markets. The automation made possible by computers takes away much of the tedious labor involved in supervising so many people and makes it possible for less people to manage more. Managers are able to track statistics and numbers of their sales and production forces. Computers and software help them find areas of improvement and ways to streamline in order to cut costs in increase revenue. Of course management has been able to do these things for years, but with the help of computers, they are able to do them much faster, with less risk of human error, and without needint to hire secerataries or assistants to help with such a large workload. Operational Process-SSC Inc. is a company who specializes in technology related services. Without computers, SSC would not be able to offer any of the services they provide. They offer services such as computer programs that will allow other companies to use computers to more effictively manage their own personnel in the same ways discussed in the management process praragraph. They offer services such as database creation and database management; both of which are information systems, and would not exist without computers. SSC offers web based services such as web design and site hosting. Again, there would be no internet and no web sites to design without computers, and SSC would not be able to host sites for their clients without a computer to act as the server. With all the things computers are able to do for a business, they would be useless without the trained personnel to operate them and ensure that they perform the functions that they are designed to carry out. Thus, people become an important part of any information system and it is critical that SSC employ qualified IT professionals. Without these skilled workers, SSC would have a difficult time offering many of their services. Support Process-In a company as large and complex as SSC Inc. has become, there is an increased need for quality support. As defined above, support includes areas such as human resources, accounting and payroll, inventory and supply, and call centers and tech support. Inventory and supply aren’t as critical to SSC’s business model as accounting and tech support. Imagine tyrying to keep track of the finances for a $45 million company manually; handwritten invoices, all the possibilities for human error that could potentially cost millions of dollars. Think of the man hours involved in calculating payroll for 300 plus employees every week, and again the margin for human error. Computers make it possible for only a few people to manage these enormous tasks in less time than it would take numerous people to do it manually and with considerably less risk for human error. Tech support and call centers are invaluable to a business model such as that of SSC Inc. They are providing technical services to clients that may not be tech savvy. There needs to be a way to ensure that these clients are able to use the products and services that they are subscribing to. If SSC isn’t able to provide support for these customers, they will take their business elsewhere. Computers and trained personnel are necessary for these types of services. A trained technician may be able to remotely access a client computer and correct problems or walk the user through how to use a software program that they purchased. Computers at SSC can rout calls to available customer service personnel saving hold time and keeping customers happy. SSC can store customer data and history in a database and access this information later to batter service their customers. As this paper has shown, computers are an information system that is an essential part of the business proccesses at Smith Systems Consulting. They are used in virtually every aspect of their day to day operations from management and operations to their support processes. As the world becomes more and more technical, and businesses and communication become global, it is all the more important to integrate the use of information systems into business processes. If unable to do so, a company like SSC Inc. would soon become obsolete. However, SSC has the insight to see where the global economy is heading and has developed a business that uses informations systems to cater to the needs of an increasingly technical society. This insight has brought them great success and made them a leader in the world of information technology. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_process

Office Administration Essay

The Administration role, more than most others, has been profoundly affected by the information revolution, according to Canadian researcher Alice de Wolff. At a meeting of the Office Worker’s Career Assistance Group of Toronto, Ms. de Wolff noted that office professionals work constantly with new information technologies. They bring the information economy to life and experience the impact of the information revolution on a daily basis. She told her audience about a four-year study of nine Toronto companies with as many as 6,000 employees. A team of researchers, including Ms. de Wolff, interviewed approximately 650 managers and office workers to determine how the administrative profession has changed. They discovered that office work has changed in three ways. 1. Tasks that formed the core of administrative work are done in new ways, but are still required in most jobs. 2. Complex new tools that administrative professionals use to do these core tasks require office workers to develop technical knowledge and skills and to work constantly to keep their skills current. 3. Reorganization in many workplaces has added new tasks related to specific occupations or industries that require office workers to diversify. Many office professionals are being asked to do things that fall outside of their traditional support role. For example, a receptionist in a publishing house may be asked to edit manuscripts. These trends have led to changes in the jobs of

Drink in Trend: Thailand Essay

Ready to drink tea ?In the past 1 to 2 years, ready to drink tea market seem declining. But in the first half of 2008, ready to drink tea market grew 16% in market value and 13% in quantity while the entire beverage market grew 5% only. This is the result of intensive marketing activities in the market. ?Consumers perceive that green tea is for health and wellness whereas black tea is for refreshment Source: Pepsi Co Trading Co. , Ltd Source: Oishi Source: T. C. Pharmaceutical. Total market value: Bt. 3,600 million Lipton? Lipton is the market leader of black tea segment (with 80% market share0 ? In the first half of 2008, Lipton ready to drink tea grew 30%. ?Lipton launched Lipton 9 to create an image of Lipton as the expert in tea products. 3-4 years ago, Lipton Wave green tea was not succeed and withdrew from the market. ?The selling point of Lipton 9 is new green tea product with 9 kinds of herbs. Asian believe these herbs are good for health. ?Thailand is the first market that for Lipton 9 ?Target group: female aged 20-39 years / with health and beauty conscious. ?A Bt20 million marketing budget has injected to build awareness of the new product with product trial road shows for 900,000 consumers, advertising through major media channels and photo contests on www. lipton9. com. ?Sermsuk expects Lipton 9 to carve out 4-5% of the green tea market this year ? Product price of Lipton 9: can Bt. 14 and PET bottle Bt. 18 ? Key person: Mr. Isaress Sundravorakul, marketing manager of Serm Suk Ms. Ratchada, non carbonated drink director, Pepsi Co Oishi. ?In order to tap the functional drink trend, Oishi launched green tea product with chlorophyll – substance in green plant which helps to improve body’s blood circulation and increase oxygen level. ?Marketing budget for launching Oishi green tea – chlorophyll: Bt. 10 m ? Key person: Tan Paskornnatee, managing director Puriku ?Puriku’s mixed berry flavor not only creates a big success for the brand but also a new trend and category for ready to drink tea market: tea + fruit juice. Even Oishi, the market leader, has to follow and launched Oishi green tea mixed berry flavored at the same size 350 ml. ?Puriku fruit white tea is positioned as refreshment drink for teenagers aged 12-17 years instead of functional drink for adult. It is because functional tea drink consumed time to educate consumer; and adult with health conscious prefers drinking water and fruit juice. Moreover, teenagers love the sweet and sour taste of fruit tea. ?Other than sell in 500 ml bottle and priced Bt. 20 as other brands, Puriku put its fruit white tea in smaller bottle 350 ml and sells Bt. 12 a bottle. It gets a well response from teenagers whom live in other provinces and has limited pocket money. ?Strengthen the brand image by adapting famous duo boy band â€Å"Golf , Mike† as presenter ? Puriku will launch new flavor every year. Currently Puriku has 4 flavors. ?Key person: Suwandee Chaivaroot, marketing manager Zenya ?Zenya has released two functional green tea products: 1. Zenya light plus fiber (same taste as original flavor but amount of calories reduced by 50%) and 2. Zenya C 100 plus (added 100 mg of vitamin c) Functional Drink ?Even functional drink’s market value grow double every year but it is still not very popular in Thailand market because: oThais do not accept the product yet. It has to take longer time to educate the consumer. For examples, I Firm from Unif and Alive from Coca Cola, which entered the market too early, has been withdrawn already. oStrong advertising restriction. Even the product has got Thailand’s FDA approval; it cannot advertise all its benefit to consumer. ?Now only B-ing of Singha Corporation is still active in this market. It has just launched the 4th formula â€Å"B-ing Relax† into the market in May 2008. o4 formulas: 1. B-ing Fine (provide vitamins for immune system) ; 2. B-ing Boost (provide amino for burning fat and energy); 3. B-ing Comfort (provide fiber for digestive system); and 4. B-ing Relax (for reduce stress) oUnlike other brands which have only one formula with different flavors, B-ing has up to four formulas. This strategy helps to build confidence to consumer and can fulfill needs of different target group. Market Value of Functional Drink YearMillion Baht 2006500 20071,000 20082,000 Beauty Drink ?A category of functional drink which is blooming ? Collagen is the most popular ingredient in this category ? Sappe ?Market leader and the first brand of functional drink that use beauty as a selling point ? Launched in December 2006 by Saap Anan? Distribution channel: in first 5 months, it was distributed in 7- eleven only. ?Target group: female 20-45 years ?Keys of success: oAdvertorial in TVC program and P. O. P. (no above the line activity) oBeauti Drink’s formula: fruit juice + beauty ingredients in 365 ml bottle. It can be drink more often than milk and 100% fruit juice because it contains only 12% fruit juice. So other than beauty purpose, Sappe can fulfill the thirsty purpose as well. ?Product: oBeauti Drink Collagen 1000 mg oBeauti Drink Co Q10 oBeauti Shot Collagen 3000 mg + Fiber 2500 mg oBeauti Shot Co Q10 + Grape seed extract Meiji Beauti ?Launched in 2007 by CP-Meiji. ?Product strategy: beauty yogurt ?In order to compete with Dutch Mill which gains 90% market share of yogurt market, CP-Meiji build a new segment. Beauty yogurt is differentiated from fruit yogurt of Dutch Mill. ?Marketing budget: 50 million baht ?Marketing activity: above the line and below the line activities (movie preview and sampling). ?After conducted a consumer research, CP-Meiji found that the brand image of CP-Meiji is not young. So the packaging has been redesigned. ?Product: oBeauti Detoey – with honey and lemon for detoxify oBeauti Bright – with collagen for good skin oBeauti Miracle – with apple cider and honey for well being ? Key person: oDr. Kinggard Pattarathamas, assistant to marketing director oPaisan Chonbanyatcharoen, managing director CP-Meiji’s shares in different markets Market Total Market Value Share of CP-Meiji Pasteurized milk 3,500 million baht 51% Drinking yogurt1,500 million baht7-8% Yogurt (in cup)2,500 million baht10% Healthy Drink ?In the past, the target audience for healthy drink is sportsman aged around 20 years and 40-50 years. Nowadays, health conscious trend is expanding the consumer base. People whom do not play sports also drink healthy drink ? Market value: 1,000 – 2,000 million Baht. (estimated by Sahaphattanapiboon) i-Healti ?Launched in May 2007 by Sahaphattanapiboon ?Product strategy: added Co Q10 (substance which is important for good health and skin) ? Marketing budget: 70 Bt. ?Major distribution channel: 7-eleven and member system ?Packaging: oFirstly there was a lady image on the label to avoid Thai FDA restriction on healthy drink. But later on the lady image has been removed in order to capture male consumers. oRed color is selected because it is a powerful color ?Keys of success oUsed skin doctor as presenter at the beginning and now use Miss Thailand oBoth above and below the line activities (ie.road show) oSmall bottle: 100 ml / bottle. Less quantity makes consumers perceive that it is effective and 100 ml can be drink for refreshment as well. oAffordable price: Bt. 25 / bottle. Consumer can drink everyday. ? Product: oi-Healti Q10 oi-Healti Q10 Lite (actually it is a sugar free formula but Thai FDA did not permit to put â€Å"sugar free† on label so i-Healti Q10 Lite put â€Å"Low Calorie† instead. ) ? Key person: Pennapa Tanasarasin, director Peptein ?Launched in Jan 2008 by Osotspa ?Product strategy: added soy peptide (substance for good brain performance) ? Imported soy peptide from Japan? Marketing budget: 400 million baht ?Sales target 2008: 300 million baht ?Osotspa had set up a new unit called â€Å"marketing department for health and functional beverage†. Each year it plans to launch one new product. ?Major distribution channel: 7-eleven ?Product: oPeptein 4000 oLaunched in Jan 2008 oSell at Bt. 38 / bottle (100 ml) oTarget group: teenager, young adult, and first jobber oPeptein 8000 oLaunched in Feb 2008 oSell at Bt. 68 / bottle (150 ml) oTarget group: adult aged 40 years old up oKey person: Prathan Chaiprasit, senior deputy director Brane Fit ?Launched by Ajinomoto. ?Product strategy: positioning as brain food (Brane Fit) and skin food (Skinn Fit) ? Healthy food and drink will be a new business unit of Ajinomoto. And it will launch at least one product a year. ?The strength of Ajinomoto is the know-how in healthy drink from mother company in Japan ? Major marketing activity: sampling ?Target group: student and worker ?Product: oBrane Fit oSkinn Fit ?Key person: Pichit Kusamit, managing director Trend # 1: Sugar-free ?Sugar-free soft drink category is blooming while the overall soft drink market does not grow in the first half of 2008. Consumers become more health conscious and the taste has been improved to be similar to classic formula. Source: Coca Cola Thailand ?Coca-Cola (Thailand) Co has spent 50 million baht for its Genzero campaign, aiming at strengthening its leadership in the sugar-free carbonated beverage segment. The campaign was designed to strengthen the success of Coca-Cola Zero by appealing to the emerging trend among teenagers and young adults to break free from stereotypes. Coke Zero was launched in May 2007 and now has a 43% share in Thailand’s sugar-free carbonated beverage segment, estimated to be worth two billion baht.? Key person: Chuenhathai Vuntanadit, regional marketing director (Coca Cola) Trend # 2: Sesame Soy milk market share by brands Vitamilk50% Lactasoy35% DNA 12% Others 3% Source: Vitamilk ?The intensive marketing activities of hi-calcium milk Anlene and Calcimex in the past few years has created a bone health conscious among Thai consumers. Soy milk companies catch the trend by adding black sesame, which is rich with calcium, into their products. And this soy milk’s category is now in full blossom. DNA ?DNA soy milk was introduced into the market 4-5 years ago by Dutch Mill. ?In order to compete with other two major players in the market: Vitamilk and Lactasoy, DNA is positioning as â€Å"hi-calcium soy milk† with black sesame. Now DNA is the market leader of this segment. V-Soy ?Vitamilk launched V-Soy in 2006 ?Positioned as hi-calcium soy milk and targeted at male consumer. ?Three flavor: double black sesame, white sesame, and no sugar Vitamilk ?Sales of Vitamilk original formula dropped in the first half of this year. It is because 1) glass bottle was short of supply; 2) retail price of Vitamilk UHT 250 ml increased 2 baht to Bt. 12 but rival, Lactasoy, remained price at Bt. 10 and added quantity to 300 ml. Vitamilk flights back with Vitamilk to Go in Black 300 ml (glass bottle) and 330 ml (UHT). The 330 ml pack sells at Bt. 10 / box until end of this year. ?Key person: Chanid Suwanprim, marketing manager of Greenspot Foremost Hi-5 ?Foremost launched the cereal flavor soy milk in end of 2005. ?Unlike other products on the market, Foremost Hi-5 contains black sesame, brown rice, barely and wheat germ. Anlene ?Anlene also launched soy milk with black sesame. ?Key person: Lalana Boonngamsri, marketing manager of Fonterra Brands (a subsidiary of Fonterra, the world leader in milk and dairy products and the world’s largest milk exporter. Fonterra is headquartered in New Zealand and operates a network of consumer dairy businesses in 40 countries worldwide. ) Trend # 3: Smaller size Recently several brands of beverage introduced small pack into the market with different reasons: Refresh drink ?Decrease in purchasing power. Small pack is cheaper. ?Able to finish the whole bottle in one time ?Can drink several kinds of beverage Samples: oPuriku green tea – 350 ml oOishi green tea – 350 ml oZeny green tea – paper box oSplash (orange juice of Coca Cola) – 180 ml (sells Bt. 10 a bottle / target: kids) oTropicana (orange juice of Pepsi Co) – 250 ml in glass bottle (sells Bt.10 a bottle) oCoke – mini can (sells at Bt. 10) oRed Bull Cola – 325 ml (sells at Bt. 10). Functional drink ?Consumer perceive that small bottle is more effective than the big one. Samples: oBeauti Shot – 50 ml oi-Healti Q10 – 100 ml oSt. Anna – 100 ml oPeptein 4000 – 100 ml and Peptein 8000 – 150 ml oBrane Fit 100 ml Hi calcium milk ?Anlene launched the concentrate formula, which contains 4 times the calcium of regular milk in 110 ml UHT box. ?Target consumer whom get calcium tablet. ?It is very successful. Anlene’s market share jumped from 17% to 38%with in 6 months. The total market values of hi calcium milk is 1,000 million baht. Samples: oBeauti Shot – 50 ml Others Fruit Fit For Fun orange juice: ?15% orange juice drink launched by TC Pharmaceutical for economical and super economical markets. ?Unlike 100% fruit juice which sell in modern trade channels only, Fruit Fit For Fun is applying the same distribution network of Red Bull, Sponsor, and Puriku. ?Ranked no. 3 in 7-eleven after Splash and Tropicana but its share in traditional channel is still far away from DeeDo, the market leader. DeeDo sells at Bt. 10 a bottle (500ml) while Fruit Fit For Fun sells at Bt. 13 a bottle.

‘Desiree’s Baby’ by Kate Chopin Essay

At a glance, ‘Desiree’s Baby’ published in 1893 By an American writer Kate Chopin, depicts the miscegenation in Creole Louisiana during the antebellum era. The Antebellum period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the civil war and after the war of 1812. The technological advances and religious and social movements of the Antebellum Period had a profound effect on the course of American history, including a population shift from farms to industrial centers, sectional divisions that ended in civil war, the abolition of slavery and the growth of feminist and temperance movements. Though Kate Chopin is known to be a writer of American Realism and naturalism, the story ‘Desiree’s Baby’ is strenuous to classify, because it is extremely short. Kate Chopin often wrote about subjects that were extremely sensitive, and many of them still strike as a nerve in the United States today. In this story Kate Chopin highlights a compelling critique of the class and racial prejudice that permeated the behaviors of Antebellum South. There are many perspectives to the story including racial and ethnic abuse, shades of patriarchy and discrimination by class. There are also political and semiotic panoramas to this story, according to Ellen Peel. In addition, through the relationship between Desiree and Armand, Chopin expounds the precarious status of both those without a family and those of biracial descent. Undoubtedly, the story despite of its brevity, highlights the disruption of meaning. The character mainly responsible fo this disruption is, Desiree. She acts as a synergist to the whole subversion of meaning. The whole political and semiotic perspective, combined together gives the looming shadows of race, sex and class discrimination. According to Ellen Peel, this whole charade of disruption reaches its climax when Desiree, who everyone including her knew as white, gives birth to a baby boy that has shades of black. She is eventually rejected by her husband due to the fact that she belongs to a black race. Later in the story Armand, Desiree’s husband reveals that he himself is black from his mother side.  The story takes place in an antebellum Creole community. Looming shadows of patriarchy, slavery and racism were the accepted and adopted crisis of that era. Everyone had accepted the categorized and distributed system. Racism was at its peak and the worst part about it was that the undermined people had accepted this fact, as mentioned in the story, â€Å"Negroes had forgotten how to be gay, as they had been during the old master’s easy-going and indulgent lifetime.† Furthermore, as Emily Toth has inferred, in the story of the three dualities parallel each other. Clearly, the symbol of the multifaceted society is the character Armand Aubigny. He is self-confident because of some minor yet major facts encapsulating him being white, being a male and being a master over several slaves. In order to get a grip on how this poignant story depicts various perspectives and drawbacks lets follow through the whole story. The tale begins when Madame Valmonde is going Desiree and her newly born baby. On her way, she reminisces about when Desiree herself was a baby. Monsieur had found her asleep at the gateway of Valmonde. Though many people believed that a band of Texans had abandoned her, but Madam Valmonde stuck to the theory that providence sent her this child as she lacked any children of her own. Like a queen and king in a fairy tale, they were delighted by her mysterious arrival and named her Dà ©sirà ©e, â€Å"wished-for one,† â€Å"the desired one.† The beginning of the story points towards no bitterness but a good and happy side to the story. Though the racial and slavery crisis were tremendous but the fact that even the masters of that particular society adopted a homeless child, knowing that she belonged to a black origin, shows signs of kindness and humanity. It also depict the ulterior motives behind adoption, which was the lack of her own children. But neither in the beginning nor in the end, has it ever mentioned the feelings of resentfulness from mother to her daughter or vice versa. Desiree seemed a blessing in disguise for them and they raised her as their own daughte r. Desiree grew up to be beautiful, gentle and affectionate and sincere too. She turned out to be exactly like their perfect daughter. Skipping the eighteen years of Desiree’s life, Chopin has directly jumped to the love part of the story, where Armand Aubigny saw Desiree standing next to the stone pillar of the gateway and he falls in love with her instantly. Although, he had known her for years since first arriving from Paris after his mother’s death. â€Å"That was the way all the Aubignys fell in love, as if  struck by a pistol shot. The wonder was that he had not loved her before; for he had.† This love part of the story, highlights many things. The way it is shown that Armand fell in love with Desiree delineates the male dominance and pride in that society. It also depicts the lack of maturity and a bit ruthlessness in the prescribed culture. Monsieur Valmonde takes a practical approach and wants Armand to get ensure first that Desiree origin was unknown but Armand is so deeply in love with her that he doesn’t care about her origin. He decided that even if she hasn’t a family name, then he would give her his own and soon as depicted in the story, they get married. Living deeply in the roots of a society where slavery and racism is all-in-all, accepting a girl despite of her known origin highlights true signs of love as Armand doesn’t care before marrying whichever origin she belongs to. Another important universal truth and human nature has been highlighted here. Not only in the era of antebellum but since the world has started, it is but human nature to fight for what he truly loves and believe and there are so many examples and incidents in the history which show that once that thing is achieved, a person starts to lose interest in it and that is what is overshadowed by the intensified love. As soon as the story builds up its plot, a major transition is portrayed. Armand, other household staff and eventually Desiree too, see some unusualness in the complexion of the baby. She isn’t sure about the underlying problem and on confronting to her husband she finds out that the child is not while and hence she doesn’t belong to a white origin. Desiree couldn’t believe him because this was a total disastrous surprise for her. The fact that is portrayed here is the significance of the facts. The issue regarding Desiree’s origin was already present but her husband didn’t care. But confronting the truth of her origin suddenly changed every bit of him. The narrow-mindedness and injustice of that society is delineated again. What if there’s some friend of mine and we are very much close. Someday if I find out, that he originates from a family who were slaves. Would it change anything between me and him? What if someone asks the same question from Armand? The difference would be obviously seen and that is the whole point and the major transition in the story. The reasonless transition of a character from being attached and so full in love with a person to rejecting her. As described by Ellen Peel, that there are moments of surprises and transitions in the story. So, the  first surprise comes when he interprets his baby’s appearance, concluding the fact that the child and its mother are not white. This fact revealed a major flaw and weakness in her husband’s character. There’s another perspective to this transition as well as it can be inferred that Desiree seems to invite projection: Madam Valmonde wanted a child so she got deceived by herself and the urge to be a mother. That doesn’t change the fact that she denied symbolism. She was a true believer and that too contradicts the writer’s beginning enlightenment. Secondly, Armand too got fooled by himself for believing that they could safely project their desires onto Desiree. In this manner, it is illustrated that even though Desiree didn’t look like from black origin but the discovery to her origin made her black. In this regard, a person who look white but has a tiny drop of black blood is considered black. As Joel Williamson believes, that the ‘one-drop-rule’ has a stand point but it eventually leads to the invisible blackness crisis. At this point in the story, two major panoramas can be looked upon too, miscegenation and disruptiveness. Disruptiveness is also a semiotic point of view explained by Ellen Peel. There’s a complex perspective to Desiree’s nature and its relevance to society. She doesn’t herself produce flaws as the flaws were there before she was even born but the role she plays is to reveal them which makes her disruptive. Another major transition to the story presents itself in the end of the story. Armand finds out that the black genes come from the baby through his own mother who was black. After Armand kicks out his wife and child, in the abusive storm of racialism and cruelty, he comes across a letter to his mother by his father, â€Å"I thank the good God for having so arranged our lives that our dear Armand will never know that his mother, who adores him, belongs to the race that is cursed with the brand of slavery.† As Ellen Peel believes that the heart of darkness lies within the self and so do I, the letter, unveils Armand’s shadowed face to himself. At this point, a big shift occurs when Armand is actually is in a position where he left his wife and child. Also, Armand had rejected his own blood because he was a product f rom a white man and a black woman and after the unveiling of the letter he finds himself in the same place as his child. This revelation shakes the whole picture of the story and the main dominant and brutal figure, Armand as he is now in the same position as his son. The famous quotation, ‘What  does around, always comes around ‘: Could be the best way to explain his situation. Though the whole plot is shaken but that only highlights the issue of society at a micro level. Neither it describes the change factor nor does it propose any possible solution. In the nineteenth century, sexual relations between two people of different races, or miscegenation, bore a distinctly deprecatory connotation. As seen by the quadroon slave child who fans Dà ©sirà ©e’s own baby, interracial relations did occur with relative frequency, but such children often ended up as slaves under the theory that even one drop of African or black blood made a person black rather than white. Likewise, many biracial people who happened to inherit pale skin and European rather than African features were able to in corporate at least temporarily into white society, passing for white if they chose. In Armand’s case, he did not even have to hide because he did not know his status. Some people who passed as white, like Armand, even successfully entered the Southern ‘ruling’ class, which was not only putatively white but also rich from owning plantation lands. Meanwhile, whereas most people fell on one side of the social divide between black and white, those of mixed descent lived on the border of social acceptability. Thus, the quadroon boy serving the quadroon master is ironic but also representative of the biracial group as a demographic sector of the population. Another irony of Chopin’s story is that although Dà ©sirà ©e is probably of Caucasian blood after all, only she and her innocent baby suffer from the accusation of miscegenation, whereas the mixed-race Armand Aubigny will probably not face any consequences for either his racial descent or his cruelty to his wife. This patently unjust state of affairs occurs not only because Armand will probably take the secret to his grave but also because, as Chopin informs us in the third para graph, Dà ©sirà ©e’s status is as much a question of familial class as of racial class. Although her presumed European ancestry places her above the slave class in the hierarchy of Louisiana, being white is not sufficient to place her in a class equal to that of the Aubignys. Note also that although Armand can echo his father in forgiving a beloved woman for her societal status, Armand can never be his father’s equal because he cannot forgive her presumed racial heritage. By contrast, Madame Valmonde is portrayed as loving, kind, and eminently ethical in her refusal to condemn Dà ©sirà ©e for her questionable blood. In addition to hinting at Armand’s  family secret, Chopin hints at his cruelty toward his slaves and creates an obvious parallel between his treatment of them and of his wife, who was by the legal code of the era barely higher than property. Whereas his father is described as â€Å"easy-going and indulgent,† Armand lives too strictly by the social mores of his era and not enough by a true moral code. Despite her name, Dà ©sirà ©e is only desired insofar as his standards are exceeded, and when he burns their wedding corbeille, it is the physical manifestation of the destruction of their wedding vows, in which he presu mably would have promised to cherish and care for her until death. In this manner, his seemingly ardent love shows itself to be shallow and undeserving. Another view to this story is a very different idea by Gary H, Mayer, who believes that this story originates and explains the general semantics or in other words, the story revolves around observation-inference confusion. An inference is nothing more than a mere guess which could be really destructible for anyone, according to Gary H, Mayer. According to him, the main sick character Armand, highlights a semantic error called ‘allness’, which happens when a person believes that he/she happens to know everything. Delving into the story, it can be seen that there’s a sequence of conclusions without any solid reasons by the characters. Adding icing to the top, it can also be delineated that the story represents a series of rational decisions. The decision of instantly falling in love. The decision of kicking Desiree and the child out of the house and most importantly the very first decision in the story where without any thinking, Desiree is fondled. Another weakness of human nature can be seen if we take into account a much deeper perspective to the story, which is to judge people by appearance. Armand loved Dà ©sirà ©e’s outer beauty, not her inner beauty. She was like a trophy to him. When the trophy became tarnished in his eyes, he removed it from its shelf and discarded it. He also rejected his child, for its skin exhibited a taint of impurity. Finally, like other Old South plantation owners, he viewed the blackness of his slaves as a defect that colored even their souls. However, conversation between Dà ©sirà ©e and Madame Valmondà © indicates that he apparently found time for La Blanche, the slave woman whose name (French for white) suggests that she was of mixed heritage, with light skin that made her a tolerable sexual object for Armand. Dà ©sirà ©e, speaking of the loudness of her baby’s crying, says, â€Å"Armand heard him the  other day as far away as La Blanche’s cabin.† To put it briefly, the whole panorama to this short little story contains versatility in it. The beauty of Kate Chopin is that she has presented this story as a symbol as well as a lesson that should be learnt. The extent of understanding differs for the readers as some readers would find it only a depressing tragedy. Unarguably, this story portrays the racial and gender based differences in the society. Though it should be mentioned that in the present day, this major issue has been eradicated to great extent but traces can still be found at a very micro level. Overall, the human weaknesses and tantrums and can cause to such differential crisis but society as we speak, has transformed into a better example of humanity. References Peel, Allen. â€Å"Semiotic Subversion in Desiree’s Baby.† Pegues, Dagmar. â€Å"Fear And Desire: Regional Aesthetics and Colonial Desire in Kate Chopin’s portrayals of The Tragic Mulatta Stereotype.† Mayer, Gary. â€Å"A matter of behavior: A semantic analysis of five Kate Chopin stories.† Khamees, Raghad. â€Å"Desiree’s Baby.†< http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3088548-desiree-s-baby>