The most effective visual images Essay Example for Free

The most effective visual images EssayIt was a stifle night in November, I had completed my work. I accumulated all the equipment that I would use to breathe life into the lifeless monster on the cause I was so nervous that I was nearly in pain. By one in the morning, the rain fell gloomily on the windows. My candle was more or less to go off, when I aphorism the yellow eye of the monster open. It breathed in deeply and an unexpected motion vibrated his limbs. Could I describe my feelings when I saw this? How could I create such an ugly man? His body had a nice figure and I tried to make him look good, but he came out extremely butters. Oh my daysHe was uglier than the devil himself. Through his yellow skin, I could see the muscles and veins. Can you imagine, his hair was pure wispy and his teeth were ovalbumin like WOH The nasty difference was his dull eyes that appeared to be almost the same colour as his yellow face, apart from his proper thin black lips. To get to this point I worked for almost two years, you know. I went without rest and I even made myself sick, blad. I wanted this moment more than a man should want anything, now I had finished my work, the buffness that I had imagined it to be had gone and now I am full of disgust.Man, this thing that I endure created was so butters, I would go blind if I looked at it. I quickly went out of the lab and for ages I was walking up and down my bedroom, arduous to cool down, you get me. I did fall asleep, but it was proper edgy, full of bare nightmares. By Vivian Amobi Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Close Adoption vs Open Adoption Essay Example for Free

Close borrowing vs Open Ad survival EssayThe concept of word meaning was non legally recognized in the United States until the 1850s, with the inception of the first credence laws. While transfers of children to substitute parents or now known as foster parents had occurred colloquially since American colonial times, word meaning laws legitimized the informal adoptive arrangements which previously existed. There are now two different forms of adopting a child commit or closed tolerations. Although there are two options for sufferance, all adoptions should be considered closed until an adoptee is 21. The adoption process for closed adoptions differs from the uncivil adoption process and has more benefits. The open adoption process, is in which the adoptive parents actually meet and usually stay in touch with the nascencyparents. Birthparents voice in choosing their childs adoptive parents. Both open adoption and closed adoption use agencies or a lawyer, but in open ad option the agency fades the ache gotparents biographies of prospective adoptive parents, and the familyparents pick the family they are some comfortable with or click (Winerip 1).Compared to closed adoption, the prospective adoptive family would put their name on a list, and wait for the social worker to make a match. This doesnt involve the need of personalities between families to match, just the potential factor of a good child support system which is the most important aspect. Conversely, if they necessitate a closed adoption, they shouldnt be pressured into an open adoption because adopters may find it harder to fulfill their side of the agreement such as sending the throwmother photos or visiting (Family Education 2).Also, in open adoption the birthparents and adoptive parents meet, and might be in touch frequently during the pregnancy while closed adoption the adoptive parents didnt know where the child came from, or who his or her birthparents were which gives them mo re of sense that the child belongs to them and deserves all their love as if it was given birth by the adoptive mother. Many times the adoptive parents in an open adoption are able to witness their childs birth and some of these families stay in touch through their adoption agency, especially on birthdays and holidays.Others become friends or create somewhat of an extended family. During closed adoption however, there is no contact between birth and adoptive families. This gives both families a sense of closure. Through the closed adoption process no identifying information is provided, giving a type of curiosity prickle to the adoptive parents on what their child may look standardized instead of seeing the birth mother and assuming that that child will look like her. They are only given non-identifying information (e. g. , height in the birth family, potential hair color, medical history, ect. is provided through the third party such as the agency or attorney.When adoptions are closed, the files are usually physically sealed until the age of 21 to the adoptee and the adoptive parents giving everyone a sense of closure (Thompson 1). unkindly adoption and open adoption have a key difference including the involvement of the birthparents from their point of view that is more beneficial when the adoption is closed. Open adoption birth parents experience a sense of less guilt as a benefit (Gray 27) of the adoption but what benefit does the child rear?Adoption should be more for the child and less for the birth parents emotional ground. But closed adoption does give the birth parents privacy because placing a child for adoption is an extremely sensitive and vulnerable choice. Having a closed adoption creates an opportunity for a stronger sense of privacy, (N. A. I. C. H. 1) and it can also reduce fear because some birth mothers are concerned about explaining their choice, and a closed adoption serves as a way to prevent them from a confrontation with a child d isplace for adoption (N. A. I. C. H. 1).Closed adoption rids the birth parents of the responsibility they were not ready for in the first place and gives the child a chance at a better life with more responsible individuals. In some cases, closed adoption kills two birds with one stone by riding a birth parent of the embarrassment of not being prepared or financially stable for a child while giving the adoptive child a chance for a better life with an adoptive family that is looking for a child to give love and a good life too. Closed adoption is more beneficial from the Adoptive parents viewpoint rather than open adoption.Open adoption gives the birth parents the option to demand wants of the adoptive parents and those demands may cross boundaries. In a sense, an adoptive family may get the feeling of affirmation- As an adoptive family, you may experience a sense of empowerment or encouragement clear-sighted that you were chosen as the adoptive family (N. A. I. C. H. 2) but birt h parents may still want to be in the adoptees life as extended family but two moms and two dads? Would that not confuse a small child? With closed adoption, the adoptive parents have salutary responsibility and there is no answering to birth parents or any fuzzy oundaries of rules and expectations for a child such as birth parent duty tour or co-parenting concerns (N. A. I. C. H. 1).The adoptive family is given the full privilege of raising their adoptive child how they would like to and family freedom- if the birth families are not involved, the adoptive family is free to have their family time without restraints of visitations and on-going communication (N. A. I. C. H. 1). It is even up to the adoptive family to decide to tell child that he/she is adopted.Closed adoption is safer for the adoptive child rather than open adoption and has more benefits. Open adoptions give the child his/her identity and suppose that by chance the birth parents are properly functioning human bein gs, which would give the adopted child an extended family that was healthy (American Pregnancy Association 1). On the other hand though, what if the child doesnt wish to know their birth parents because he/she was adopted or their birth parents have issues or mental problems that are not healthy for the child to be around or act with? Closed adoption eliminates these possibilities.Unless the adoptive child specifically asks who they really are, the child could be completely fine without knowing theyre adopted and have a normal family with one mom and one dad. More often than none, the adoptees birth parents give them up for adoption for a reason. This includes the possibilities of an unplanned pregnancy, lacking financially, or just simply arent ready for the responsibility. The purpose of adoption is to give the adoptee a better life than it wouldve originally had. In the end, the child still has the option of finding their birth parents records when they are of the age to legally obtain that information.

Anita and Meena in Anita and Me and Piggy and Ralph in Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Anita and Meena in Anita and Me and hoggish and Ralph in passkey of the Flies EssayIn two Anita and Me and Lord of the Flies, the characters have very much the same type of friendship. The two people in the friendship are not on the same take when they are together. For example, in Anita and Me, Meena is never seen as more superior to Anita and piglet is never seen as superior to Ralph. Despite this fact, the reader can obviously retain out that twain Meena and Piggy are more intellectually superior to Anita and Ralph. These two friendships in some(prenominal) books undergo changes as incidents occur such as the forming of elevate tribe in Lord of the Flies and when Anitas other friends abandon her. These changes really force both Anita and Ralph, the more superior of the two friendships to rely heavily on the inferior of the friendships, Piggy and Meena for emotional support. If these parts of the two books were looked at in detail, the reader would see that both Ralph and Anita usually feel as if they cannot continue and Meena and Piggy are usually the people who help them through their difficult times and provide support.At the beginning of Anita and Me, Anita is portrayed as quite an dinky puppylike girl and one with the power to have control over people,Anita was the undisputed pecker of our yardher foghorn voice, foul mouth indicated she was carrying enough testosterone around to earn the titleshe had the lawsuit of a pissed-off cherub, huge green eyes, blonde hair and a curling mouth present we can see that Anita is described as the undisputed cock of our yard. This illustrates how she is a very powerful girl. The fact that features such as blonde hair, large green eyes and a face of a cherub are resembled in her suggest that she is quite an angelic, good and polite young girl. This, however, is contradicted by her foghorn voice and foul mouth. This shows us how she is not really what she seems and that even though she whitethorn look tough and powerful, she really is quite a lonely, sad girl. If we compare Anitas appearance to Meenas, we see a large differencethe winter coat, the scabbed knees, my stubborn nine-year octogenarian face not because I was likewise young or badly dressed, it was something else, something about me so offputting, so unimaginable.Meena describes herself as very unattractive. When compared to Anita, we can see that it is the truth. Anitas verbal description gives her maturity and high quality while Meenas make her seem as if she is a little nine-year old girl who does not possess the same maturity and superiority as Anita. It is very much the same as Lord of the Flies with Piggy and Ralphs friendship. At the beginning, our first impression gained of Ralph is of an athletic and attractive young sonHe was old enough, twelve years and a few months, to have lost the prominent tummy of childhoodyou could see now that he might make a boxer, as far as width and heaviness of shoulders went, b uy there was a mildness about his mouth and eyes that proclaimed no devilHere Ralph is described in an attractive way and he, like Anita, can be described in two different ways first as a boxer which portrays Ralph as a strong, powerful man while the mildness about his mouth and eyes shows that he is still an frank pleasant young male child. In the same way Anita is friends with Meena in Anita and Me, Ralph is friends with Piggy. Piggy is very similar to Meena. Both Piggy and Meena are not as attractive as Ralph and Anita. In this way, they are seen as insuperior to themThe naked crooks of his knees were plump, caught and scratched by thornsHere Piggys description does not portray him as either very attractive or very interesting. The fact that his knees are scratched by thorns makes Piggy seem quite young as you normally imagine young children to have scratched knees. Ralph is described as almost a man. This is another way in which Piggy is depicted as inferior to Ralph.Another way in which Ralph and Anita are described as vaster than Piggy and Meena are when they meet. When Anita talks to Meena for the first time, she assumes that she is more superior to Meena.then snatched the bag off me and began walking away as she ateWhen Anita meets Meena, she snatches a bag of sweets from her and starts to walk away. She expects Meena to follow and what I find surprising is that Meena seems to think that this is fine and she feels happy to follow her a few paces behind. Meena feels privileged to be in Anitas company. Anita realises this and uses it to her advantage. Anita has got used to realising that she is normally the leader of a group and that she has the ability to exert a lot of power. Ralph also assumes that he is superior when he meets Piggy. When Piggy asks what Ralphs discern is, Ralph does not return the gestureThe fat boy waited to be asked his name in turn buy this proffer of acquaintance was not madeHere Ralph is portrayed as quite arrogant. We can see that Ralph obviously feels in some way superior to this fat boy and therefore he feels that he is not the same level as him. Throughout the book, Ralph has a certain amount of superiority over Piggy and uses it often. When Jack, Simon and Ralph explore the island for the first time and Piggy asks to come, Ralph embaraces him by refusing to let him come. The same is done in Anita and Me, as Anita is throughout the book more superior to Meena. Both Meena and Piggy do not give-up the ghost to the groups that are formed in the books. Piggy is far too intellectual and mature for the games played and he is the odd one out of the group, as is Simon. Meena too does not fit in to Anitas group. She describes herself as too young for Anitas consideration and too old for the children. Even when she does join Anitas group, she sometimes feels out of place.Towards the end of both books, both Anita and Ralph find that they need support when their close friends leave them. In Anita and Me, Ani ta experiences this when her mother leavesshe always seemed older than her peers. But when I spied her sitting alone on the park swings, from a distance, her crumpled face and hunched shoulders turned her momentarily into a little old lady.When Anitas mother and the poet leave her, Anita feels depressed and lonely. Meena, although she is angry with her, feels piteous for Anita and tries to comfort and support her. This shows how Meena, even though she is portrayed as insuperior to Anita, is the more stable of the two girls. Meena has two loving parent who look after her good and a baby brother while Anita lives with her unreliable mother who is hardly there for her and a father who sees her very rarely. Ralph also finds himself in this situation when the boys part into two groups and Ralph is left only with Simon and PiggyPiggyUh?What are we going to do?Piggy looked at the conch.You could-Call an assembly?Ralph laughed sharply as he said the word and Piggy frowned.Here we can see the difference in Ralphs way of talking to Piggy. We can see that Ralph has no idea of what to do now that Jack has made his own tribe. Ralph now finds that he is relying on Piggy to help and support him through his time of need. Ralph also uses the word we kind of of I. This shows how Ralph feels that both him and Piggy are now in their own tribe. It also shows how Ralph is letting Piggy be on the same level as him by using we.Another way in, which the friendship of Anita and Meena and the friendship between Ralph and Piggy are similar, is the ending of the friendship. At the end of the book, Meena realises that Anita is not the person she should be a best friend withI dont give a toss what your sister Anita does, Tracey. Yow can tell her that from me.At this point, Meena has realised that Anita has not treated her as hale as she should have been treated. Meena learns this from making friends with two other people who treat her well and are true friends. When Meena returns from hospital, she doesnt socialise much and is happy doing things alone. Anita, jealous of her bliss and the love she receives from her parents, sends threatening notes to her in the hope of scaring Meena. At this point we can really see that Meena is superior to Anita as Anita tries to make a desperate get down at trying to feel more superior and secure by threatening her. The same happens in Lord of the Flies. After Piggy has died, Ralph realises what a great friend Piggy really was to him and how much he needs him when Jacks tribe turn against himAnd in the middle of them, with filthy body, unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the declination through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.Here we can see that Ralphs image of a strong, powerful young man is lost and we see him as a young nave boy in contrast to Piggy who is described as wise. Before, Piggy was portrayed as a fat, asthmatic boy who was inferior to Ralph but now we see that Piggy is superior to Ralph. Ralph realises this and feels bad in the way he treated Piggy.Towards the end of both books, the characters who were portrayed as superior Anita and Ralph find it hard to cope when Meena and Piggy leave them. In Anita and Me, when Meena breaks the friendship between herself and Anita, Anita begins to find that she is jealous of Meena and sends her threatening notes. Similarly in Lord of the Flies, when Piggy dies, Ralph finds it hard to cope. He is left all alone and is abandoned by his so-called friends who he preferred to Piggy in the beginning. In both cases we find how much Ralph and Anita depended on Piggy and Meena to make them feel superior. While in actual fact, Meena and Piggy were the superior ones.

How employee wellbeing can become a core value

How employee healthful-being drop become a core valueLeadership is the ability to effectively physical exercise strategic competencies and beguile to fall upon organizational goals. It is a partnership between mangers following and external constituencies and one of the main dissentences between leaders and managers is world-beater and authority. Leaders yield power which can buoynot be transferred nonetheless managers yield authority due to their position and can be delegated. When organizational requires a fast changing as a end of rapid fluctuation a Transformational leader is called for. Transformational leadership is define as a relationship between a leader and follower(s) based on a set of leader behaviors perceived by subordinates as exhibiting idealized yield, motivational inspiration, understandingual stimulation, and individual consideration. In toold age modern complex organizations, which are going with constant interpolate, it required the theatrica l roles of fore purview and leadership be intertwined.An organisation that has an environment which promotes a posit of contentment allowing employees to flourish and achieve their full potential for the get of themselves and the organisation can be considered as employers who puts high emphasis on their employee welfare. The concept of wellbeing includes concepts of psychological and physical wellness.Today more and more companies are cerebrate more intimately their employees wellbeing as organisations are seeing its benefits. Organisations such as IBM, established Well-Being counselling System (WBMS), the friendships holistic start to managing the wellness and sentry go of employees wherever they work. This enables physical and psychological fitness of its employees.When employee wellbeing becomes a shared organisational value deeply root in the organisational kitchen-gardening it is evident from the following(a) companies that productivity of the organisations incre ases as a settlement of high moral and satis detailion as well as organisations are able to retain their talents.Values influence lieus and behaviour therefore for transformational leaders to create employee wellbeing as a shared value they need to create institutionalise between leader and employees. This is achievable when the leader practice high horny and tender intelligence and honour the psychological contract between the attention and employees.ContentsExecutive Summary 1Today increasingly companies are cerebrate more about their employees wellbeing as organisations are seeing its benefits. Organisations such as IBM, established Well-Being Management System (WBMS), the beau mondes holistic approach to managing the health and safety of employees wherever they work. This enables physical and psychological fitness of its employees. 2Contents 31.0 INTRODUCTION 48.0 destination 167.0 Appendix 171.0 INTRODUCTIONThis report presents discussions on how employee wellbeing ca n become a core value shared among the employees of an organization that can be deeply rooted in the organizational finis and the role of transformational leadership in facilitating this change.Transformational leaders are called for when traditional leadership fails to bring about a change aligning the organizational culture to the changes in the environment. As these form of leadership focus on employees in achieving their goal it suits well in an era of fast globalization.In the second part of the report concepts of leadership and their difference from management leave be introduced .as well as an explanation of transformational leadership and what it is all about.Third part of the report explains the concept employee wellbeing and its benefits. Companies who are initiating employee wellbeing and the response will be highlighted.The main part of the report will discuss how transformational leadership help facilitate employee wellbeing in the organizational culture that would ev entually improve performance.Concepts of how leaders create trusts among employees and towards themselves, how leaders practice aroused and brotherly intelligence and the concepts of psychological contract will be discussed.Finally case evidence will be provided when employees wellbeing is taken care moody their performance in terms of absenteeism etc will rise significantly.1.2 Scope and limitationThe scope of the report is limited to the examination of how employee wellbeing can become the cultural norm within the organization and how transformational leadership facilitates in embedding it to the organizational culture as a shared core value.Little robust research exists on the relationship between health and individual job performance.2.0 leadershipLeadership specify by Weiss (2001, p.194) states that it is the ability to effectively use strategic competencies and influence to accomplish organizational goals. It is a partnership between mangers followers and external constit uencies and one of the main differences between leaders and managers is power and authority. Leaders yield power which cannot be transferred however managers yield authority due to their position and can be delegated. (Mullins 2002).Whetten et.al (1995, p. 17) states that traditional definition of management is outmoded and irrelevant today. Their argument is based on the similarity between leaders and managers in terms of how they function. And that a beneficial manager functions as an effective leader .a similar view was held by Hodgetts (1990, p.3) and defines management as getting things done through pile and leadership influence people towards particular goal.Weiss(2001) referencing Bass (1985,1990 )states that when organizational requires a fast changing as a conduce of rapid fluctuation a transformational leader is called for.Transformational leadership exhibits behaviors such as idealized influence, motivational inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and individual consid eration. And can be defined as a relationship between a leader and a follower based on this behavior (Flood 2008)A number of studies pay off shown a strong irrefutable relationship between this leadership style and desirable outcomes including organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and decreased employee turnover intentions (Flood 2008)As an example of the order of leadership influence on the attitudes and behaviors of employees, a study of 25,000 thespians across a variety of firms by Wilson Learning, a US based management training company found that 69% of employees job satisfaction related to the leadership skills of their bosses (Davids 1995). A significant productivity lag was associated with a lack of or poor leadership. On the basis of this finding, Davids (1995) asserts that the days of the heroic leader who gets things done by people are numbered, to be replaced by the post-heroic leaders who get things done with people. Hence, mutual understanding, trust and stro ng communication skills have been growing in importance as factors in the leader follower relationship.(Flood, 2008)3.0EMPLOYEE WELLBEINGAn organisation that has an environment which promotes a state of contentment allowing employees to flourish and achieve their full potential for the benefit of themselves and the organisation can be considered as employers who puts high emphasis on their employee wellbeing.(Tehrani et.al 2010)The concept of wellbeing includes concepts of psychological and physical health. According Arnold (2007) they can be distinguished between subjective and psychological wellbeing Subjective wellbeing focuses on the affective (hedonic equalizer balance between pleasant and unpleasant affect) and cognitive (life satisfaction) components of well-being (Arnold et.al 2007). Psychological well-being draws on various conceptualizations of mental health (Arnold et.al 2007).Tehrani et .al (2010) described wellbeing as a subjective experience that may involve practical measures such as introducing healthy food or a gym at work, or perhaps less tangible initiatives such as working to match the determine and beliefs held by employees with those of their organization. It could be argued that a change in the way employees are engaged in discussions about how their work is organized could have more of an impact on an individuals well-being than the introduction of a corporate gym.Today increasingly companies are focused about their employees wellbeing as organisations are seeing its benefits .Organisations such as IBM, established Well-Being Management System (WBMS) the companys holistic approach to managing the health and safety of employees wherever they work. This enables physical and psychological fitness of its employees. This integrated approach to employee well being ranges from the more traditional aspects of occupational health and safety ,such as industrial hygiene, safety, medical issues and ergonomics-to innovative and proactive wellness initiatives, including a broad array of health promotion options and disease prevention benefits for employees.(IBM , 2010 )Marks Spencer is cognise as an employer who determine employees. Historically, well-being was delivered through a traditional benefits package, including flexible working and family-friendly policies. In addition, a good physical working environment was provided, including good catering facilities. Other ancillary benefits for some or all employees included hairdressing, chiropody, dentistry and holistic services. As the business moved through a change management program it was realized that more focus was needed on the health and well-being areas that were directly affected by the workplace. (Tehrani et.al 2010)Scota Chropractc Ltd is another company that focused on employee wellbeing . Established in 1986 and currently employs 17 employees working across two sites the growing public awareness of alternative and complementary therapies has been a major dri ver of business growth. The company works with the NHS and has recently branched out into sports therapy, rehabilitation and ergonomic-based heath and safety interventions.The organization has increasingly concentrated on employee well-being for its own staff during the past five years. (Tehrani et.al 2010)3.1 Employee wellbeing and culture.Organisational Culture is defined as a set of shared values beliefs which interact with an organisations people ,structureand system to produce behavioural norms. in a strong organisational culture the organisation core values are both intensly held and widely shared. core values are the primary or dominant values that are accepted thoughout the organisation.the more members who accept the core values andthe greater their commitment to those values is , the stronger the culture gets.A strong organisation culture will have a great influence on the bevaiour of its members((Robbins 1998)when employee wellbeing becomes a shared organisational value deeply rooted in the organisational culture it is evident from the following companies that productivity of the organisations increases as a result of high moral and satisfaction as well as organisations are able to retain their talents.According to Tehrani et.al(2010) Marks Spencers three-month wellbeing trial programme demonstrated an 8% reduction in its employee sickness absence seizure for musculoskeletal health issues. Store management teams reported improved morale of the departmental team and the general store, all of which are difficult to estimate in financial terms, just improvement in customer service and improved efficiencies.Nike company employees share a core value of enhancing peoples lives through sports and fitness.nike has created a strong sports oriented culture and promoted it through company practices such as paying employees extra for biking to work instead of driving .( Robbins 1998)Companies adopting such measures aimed at promoting health and well-being am ong their employees influence several(prenominal) aspects of their employees physical and psychological well-being in ways which result in improved productivity, commitment and attendance. This includes providing good quality jobs which allow employees more control, autonomy and sake in the way their work is done (Coats et.al 2008)Recently an OEM manufacturer, FOXCONN of china supplies to companies like DELL, APPLE and Hewlett-Packard came under scrutiny for its below standard employee relations and maltreatment.Some estimates put the companys agitate turnover in to 50000 a month and reports claim a drop in recruitment standards to just about anyone with an ID. (Engadget 2010)4.0 Transformational leadership and cultureOrganisational Culture is defined as a set of shared values beliefs which interact with an organisations people ,structureand ststem to produce behavioural norms. Values influence attitudes and behaviour (Robbins 1998)therefore For transformational leaders to create employee wellbeing as a shared value they need to create trust between leader and employees. This is possible when the leader practice high emotional and social intelligence and honour the psychological contract between the management and employees.Leaders facilitate in creation of value for employee wellbeing and facilitate in embedding it in to the organisational culture. They achieve this by creating trust among employees towards the leader as well as between each other and develop emotional and social intelligence of employees and honouring the psychological contract.4.1Trusttrust is a characteristics of high performance teams where the relationship between members is based on integrity ,competence, consistency, loyalty and openness (Robbins 1998 )According to Rosen (1996 ) trust is one of the major principles in leading people.it binds people together creating a strong resilient organisation. It cannot be achieved over night according to Kouzes et.al ( 1987) but takes years to learn however an instance to loose it.Idealised influence dimension of transformational leadership helps create such relationship of trust and confidence through its attribution charisma. They are thought to display certain attributes (eg.percieved power, focus on higher order ideals and values. When this happens the followers develop an emotional tie to their leader which ultimate results in the trust specify above.(Arnold 2007)Transformational leaders gain follower trust by maintaining their integrity and dedication, by being white in their treatment of followers, and by demonstrating their faith in followers by empowering them. It has been suggested that one way that charismatic and transformational leaders can demonstrate their dedication and build follower trust is through self sacrificial behaviours.Leaders can self sacrifice by taking on a proportionately larger workload, by foregoing the trappings of power (e.g. Gandhis peasant lifestyle), or by postponing rewards, such a s Chryslers Leelacocca and Apples Steve Jobs deciding to work for 1$ a yr ..(Bass et.al 2006)Transformational leaders build trust by practicing open communication between employees and leaders. discredit comes from what people dont know as from what they do know (Robbins 1998 ).They are excellent team players ,and they lead by example, support the teams through words and actions and demonstrating loyalty as well as treating them with respect and considering their perception in terms of objectivity and fairness in decision making. They show consistency in basic values that guide their decision making and they maintain confidences and become someone who teams can rely on.3.2Emotional intelligenceGoleman (1995) describes emotional Intelligence as self-awareness, managing our emotions effectively, motivation, empathy, checking other peoples feelings accurately, social skills like team work, persuasion, leadership and managing relationships.Transformational leaders have high emotional intelligence. They properly manage emotions that drive trust, loyalty, and commitment. The leader enables People to recognize their own emotions as well as others ,differentiates those emotions to make choices for thinking and action.(Cooper et.al 1997).It is an intelligence that may be learned, developed and improved (Perkins 1994).Emotional intelligence is the ability of a person to use his awareness and sensitivity to detect, identify or understand the feelings underlying inter individual(prenominal) communication and avoiding to respond on impulse and thoughtlessly, Instead to act from receptivity , authenticity ad candor.(Ryback 1998). Emotional intelligence is about influence without manipulation or abuse of authority. It is about perceiving, learning, relating, innovating, prioritizing and acting in ways that take into account and legalize emotions, rather than relying on logic or intellect or technical analysis alone (Ryback, 1998).Transformational Leaders are highly self a ware facilitating them to read ones emotions and recognize their impact while using gut feelings to guide decisions. Their social awareness enables them to sense, understand and react to others emotions while comprehending social networks.As a result of these qualities and the ability of transformational leaders to manage self inspire employees influence them and develop these qualities among them by managing conflict. This successfully results in resolved issues of workplace bullying and increase in employee satisfaction leading to higher performance.Goleman, (2010 )have shown that high levels of emotional intelligence can create climates in which information sharing, trust, healthy risk taking and learning flourish. as well as how workplace competencies based on emotional intelligence can exert greater impact on performance than do intellect or technical skills.4.3Psychological contractWhen an employer distributes a performance bonus every year since it inception, employees within that particular company will expect to receive it in the coming years as well, because of the fact that every year the company distributes it. The point here is that Humans beings are very adaptable to situations .the more leaders practice employee wellbeing initiatives within the organisation the likely it will become an expectation in the psychological contract between employers and employees.Psychological contract defined by Robbins (1998) states that it is an unwritten agreement that sets out what management expects from the employee and vice versa. It sets out mutual expectations.Everyone performs different roles both at work place and society. And each role demands attitudes and behaviours consistent to that particular role. so both the organisation and the employee have certain expectations of that role which could mean acceptable working conditions, clear communication and a fair days work etc for employees and for organisations demonstration of a good attitude following i nstructions and showing loyalty to the organisation.(Robbins 1998)However when these expectations are not met trust between the employees and employers is lost, resulting in negative effects on employee performance and satisfaction.Globalisation and work force diversity further complicates the situation. Although Members of different hosts share common within their group common values, attitudes and perceptions much diversity exists within each of these categories. (Bateman et.al 2009).similarly in multi racial societies such as the United States for example values shared among Asian Americans differ from values shared among Asians living in Asia.Since values influence the attitudes and behaviours of employees attaining a common shared value among the multi ethnic groups and multinational groups within an organisation is a challenge to the transformational leaders. As each of these groups will have different expectations from employers.4.4 Social intelligenceHowever the transformat ional leaders ability to connect with individuals at a personal level enables them to build a relationship of trust and influence their behaviour and attitude to share a common value which is emotional and psychological wellbeing of employees.Many leaders are appointed because of their drive, ambition and business expertise but often they are unable to work with or get along their director colleagues, colleagues and direct reports, or with others on whom their own success depends. Building on his work on emotional intelligence, Daniel Goleman coined the phase Social Intelligence, in which he enlarges his focus to encompass our capacity to connect with one another.We are wired to connect Neuroscience has discovered that our brains very design makes it sociable, inexorably drawn into an intimate brain-to-brain linkup whenever we engage with another person. (Goleman 2010)Therefore in order to identify the attitudes , values and perceptions of people the leader needs to have social i ntelligence skills to connect to the individuals or initiate emotions in order to gain trust which ultimately leads to acceptance of ideologies and behaviours the leader intends to communicate which in turn becomes the norm of the organisation.5.0 Employee wellbeing, Culture and performanceHarter etal (2002 ) believes that worker quality of life and performance originates with the behavioural, cognitive , and health benefits of positive feelings and positive perceptions.according to him proponents of the well being perspective argue that the presence of positive emotional states and positive appraisals of the worker and his or her relationships within the people seek out interesting , meaningful, and challenging tasks.when demands match or slightly exceed resources, individuals experience positive emotional states (e.g. pleasure ,joy, energy) and they perceive themselves as growing , engaged, and productive .From the wellbeing perspective, a healthy workforce means the presence of p ositive feelings in the worker that should result in happier and more productive workers.a survey carried out by Aon Consulting on UK workers found out that more than 35 million sick days a year are taken for personal reasons rather than for a genuine illness and one in three UK workers (33 per cent ) say that the stick out time they took a day off from work as sick leave were addressing personal issues including looking after a family member, letting repairmen into their home, grieving a dead relative or pet, or feeling down after breaking up with a partner and they did not have anything wrong with them .52 per cent of British say they would not feel forced to take a day as sick leave if they could just be dependable and have access to flexible working hours or social days, said Peter Abelskamp, director of health and benefits EMEA, at Aon Consulting. Of course, employers should also not ignore the fact that 16 per cent of people say that more interesting work would keep them in the office (PM Online, 2010)In 2003 the Royal Mail sickness absence levels were 7 per cent (an average of 16 days per employee per year) As a result their Customer service standards were affected and incurred a daily cost of 1m.the company had been experiencing issues of long-term absence for many years which was commonly due to musculoskeletal health.Therefore Royal Mail introduced a range of integrated measures to counter the chore such as as Health screening Health clinics at 90 sites Fast access to occupational health services Access to physiotherapy Employee assistance programme (EAP) Incentive scheme Rehabilitation centres focusing on improving back, neck and shoulder injuries Phased and partial return to work (RTW) Case managementfour years later, it was reported that sickness absence levels had fallen to 4 per cent (10 days per employee) and saved Royal Mail almost 230m. Up to 3,600 more staff were available to work each day as a result of these measures (Scribed,2010)8.0 CONCLUSIONIn this fast changing global environment organisations are increasing needing leaders who concentrates on building relationships with their employees in order to increase productivity and meet the global demands. Emphasis on employee wellbeing has become a trend in todays companies which is seeing its benefits. However in order to produce a full impact leaders need to create wellbeing as a shared core value deep rooted in the culture of the organisation. This can be achieved only when the leader creates trust among employees as well as between him. This is only possible if the leader has high emotional and social intelligence and promotes it within employees and finally honouring the psychological contract between them.Therefore transformational leadership can bring about a change in organisational culture by creating values which will in turn influence the attitude and behaviour of the employees in this case employee wellbeing as a core value in the organisational culture .

Exploitation Of Conflict Minerals In The Congo Politics Essay

Exploitation Of Conflict Minerals In The congou tea Politics EssayThe representative Republic of the Congo, once a European colony relinquished for its vast amount of raw minerals, gained independence in 1960 from France and has for more than twelve age suffered from regular civil war over the distribution and control of said resources. Moreover, violence has become so deadly in this region, from forced labor, torture, recruitment of child soldiers, extortion, and killings by armed groups to oppress and control civilians, that it has been regarded as being the .deadliest departures globally since World War II. (Prendergast, 2009) scholar Michael Niemann (2007) reported that Corrupt home(a) and local government, various get up movements, and governments and armed forces of Rwanda, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, and, to a lesser extent, Angola, Namibia, and Chad all conspire for adept thing- to profit from the mineral and other wealth in various resource enriched areas of the country ( p. 25). ane of these minerals includes Columbite-tantalite columbite-tantalite for short one of the mankinds most sought-after materials the refinement of coltan leads to a highly heat-resistant alloy powder called tantalum. This powder can share for $100 a pound, and slowly is becoming increasingly vital to upstart life. For the high technology industry, tantalum is magic dust, a key component in everything from unsettled phones made by Nokia and Ericsson and computer chips from Intel to Sony stereos and VCRs. (Essick, 2001)Mineral meshing in the Congo is not only a national concern but an international one as well, as most consumers of products that use the minerals exploited from the Congo live outside the country. Prendergast (2009) reported, Consumers in the United States, Europe, and Asia are the ultimate end-users of these involution minerals, as they unknowingly fuel the war through purchases of these electronics products. Consequently, legion(predicate) people a re directly connected to this issue as they are part of a group that legitimise and unintentionally spur such conflict. Thus, it is important to appreciate the gross antiquity the consumer of the final product sanctions and endorses by virtue of the use of certain products that may check into coltan. In addition to this, this is relevant to Canadas relationship with the Third World because Canadians are a large group of this consumer population. Three important areas of discussion in regards to Congolesian conflict mineral development are the countrys struggle to establish viable states on the ruins of repressive colonial states and how this relates to internal concern of socio-economic hierarchy, the related role of a poor preservation, and mineral industrialization in regards to globalization and the role of national and international governments. The goal of this paper will be to outline, within the realm of these three subtopics, the national and international shortcomings/ hindrances and adverse progressions to reduce current mineral conflict in the Congo.Despite frequently promoting colonization as a key contributor to developmental regression, professional and scholarly literature on Congolesian conflict often varies in regards to what particular element of Congolesian culture is most reflective of such regression. (Economic standing, semipolitical makeup, etc.) Scholar Michael Niemanns (2007) journal War Making and State Making In Central Africa, particularizedally concentrates on livelyly analyzing the concept of the African failed state, recognizing the Western bias inherently stemming from the dominance of colonial mightinesss. Niemann (2007) advocated for a governmental space where . alternative forms of rule and political community can be explored, forms that invite a longer staying power than the mostly failed attempts to create the veneer of a grownup democracy which the palimpsest of the repressive colonial state quells visible. (p. 23). Niemann also and most importantly affirms a tenet of sovereignty in Congolesian government that was not only clearly apparent under colonial rule, but also continuously apparent in modern Congolesian government as well (p. 27).This particular issue of modern Congolesian rule as a means of mineral conflict hindrance can invite up be understood with reference to internal maintenance of socio-economic hierarchy as it relates to colonial legacy. Both Niemann and scholar Severine Autesserre (2009) indicated the influence of the national and local elite. Niemann presented a specific argument the process of level formation on the continent is incompleteand.. African states tend to be repressive, rather than hegemonic, but nevertheless fully functioning for the purposes of the class alliance in power. (p. 26) He reported that Efficiency. is not a necessary prerequisite for a functioning state..and stresses that the African role in the global clay is not one of marginalization o r dependence, but one of extraversion, through which elites have long constructed external relations to strengthen their power within their take spheres. (p. 26) Consequently, Niemann concluded that although these relations have proven asymmetrical, it does not detract from the fact that they worked well for Congolesian elites. Complimentary to this notion, Jackson (2002) also indicated the prominence of the elite minority in the form of corrupt government when he reported the government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.exploit minerals and other resources through stealing stockpiles, entering into arrestments with transnational corporations to produce, procure and address these resources in a global market (p 519). Thus, colonial legacy which is reflective and extended in socio-economic hierarchy according to Niemann and Jackson, proves to be an integral part in both soul and unpacking the issue of mineral conflict in the Congo. Moreover, in order to begin to understand the upkeep and maintenance of such conflict, it would appear critical to first understand the legacy colonial rule has left on the make-up of national and local Congolesian elites. Furthermore, as Niemann points out, it is difficult not only to leave liberal democracy to Congolesian government and cognise it either as a veneer or perhaps even a solution, without first considering the impact and legacy colonialism has left on the political makeup of the country.Similar to Niemanns point on colonial rule, Stephen Jacksons (2002) journal Making a Killing Criminality Coping in Kivu War Economy spoke of the Congos lucrative thrift based on artisanal mining of tantalum ore, highlighting a radical mutation of livelihood strategies responding to an economy profoundly destroyed by colonial and post-colonial neglect and greed. (p. 517) Both scholars articulate the legacy of colonial rule , so to speak, but also focus their query on separate cohesive hindrances on conflict reduction. Whil e Niemann highlighted the importance and withstanding failure of developing political rule separate from Western idealized liberal democracy, Jackson focused his research on the recurring danger of the paltry and dependent Congolesian economy. Noteworthy scholar Carol B. Thompsons journal US Trade with Africa African Growth Opportunity also erects sufficient economic reasoning in cohesion with colonial legacy. Thompson (2004) reported that the Congos exports are non-processed minerals and agricultural products. Although the countries are now independent, their exports remain colonial products. (p. 458) In his writing, Thompson also provided a remark by President Joquim Chissano of Mozambique that, although not specific to the Congo, articulates the role colonialism has had and continues to have in various African countries economy.circumstances have confined us to act as producers of raw materials and unprocessed goods for export to the rich countries of the North. While we are p assed to open upon countries and streamline our methods of doing international business, so that the global economy may sink roots, invisible barriers are still making it difficult for us to access resources. (Thompson, 458)Both Thompson and Jackson do an powerful job of explaining the impact that colonial rule has had both implicitly and explicitly on the economy of the Congo. This is further proven in the United Nations Human exploitation Report (2003) that stated that Africas share in the world fell from about 6 percent in 1980 to 2 percent in 2002, and its share of world imports from about 4.6 percent in 1980 to 2.1 percent in 2002. (p.ii) The report also went on to state that sequently Africas heavy dependence on primary commodities as a source of export earnings has meant that the continent remains vulnerable to the vagaries of the market and weather conditions. (Economic Development in Africa Issues on Africas Trade Performance, 2003, p.ii). Similarly, the Congo, once of ficially a colony of France, was exploited primarily for its raw mineral wealth. Today, although technically an independent country, the Congo remains highly dependent on raw minerals, coltan in particular. It is this heavy reliance that enables not only economic instability but also related conflict (Jackson, 2002).Furthermore, it is also important to contextualize the financial station of the Congo in order to better understand, in detail, any economic hindrance on reducing mineral conflict. In recent years, because of the pressure of declining anele prices, the depreciation of the dollar, and burdensome debt service, the Government of the Congo has been forced to adopt austere financial measures. After slashing its 1986 budget by 40 percent, the government entered into a Stand-By Agreement with the IMF which made possible the rescheduling of Congos then $1 billion in foreign debt. (Congo U.S. goods are extremely competitive here right now,1998) A concomitant Paris Club resched uling, debt relief granted by commercial banks, and World Bank structural adjustment also helped avert what would have otherwise been a large capital-account deficit. (Congo U.S. goods are extremely competitive here right now,1998) Production in the forestry sector has gradually increased due to improvements in the transportation corpse and the opening up of new concessions in the north. (Congo U.S. goods are extremely competitive here right now,1998) Consequently, such information is, although brief, critical in establishing sound understanding of further encumbrance on the reduction of Congolesian mineral conflict with respect to economic instability.Closely related to discussions of the implication of colonization on the Congolesian economy, are ones involving the exploitative effects of mineral industrialization and globalization on African states and the role of national and international governments to curb such behavior. As the countries of the world increase their interde pendence and co-relation, African states, including the Congo, are not only forced to deal with establishing themselves on the ruins of repressive colonial state, but simultaneously adapt to increasingly globalized, and thus changing markets. The success and adverse hindrances as a result of this, will be explored in the following few paragraphs.Most scholarly and professional literature recognize the direct role that exploitation of conflict mineral in the Congo has played in the onset and preservation of warfare, (Niemann Collier, 2003 Prendergast, 2009 Global beauty Limited, 2009) though provide various explanations to suggest the role globalization has had in the conflict. P. Collier of the World Bank reported in a policy report that, in a cross-national statistical analysis of civil war onset in 161 countries since 1960, the extent of primary commodity exports is the strongest single influence on the risk of conflict (2000, p. 10). By way of explanation, he argues that primar y commodity dependence creates better opportunities to finance rebel groups which in turn enable rebellion. Niemann (2007) explicitly spoke of globalization and transnational Corporations when he stated that cell phones have revolutionized the way we communicate, but in Central Africa their biggest legacy is war. Nearly 3 million people have died in Congoover coltan in the conflict that is really over natural resources sought by foreign corporations (p.39). Essick (2001) similarly indicates that the demand for tantalum took off with the boom of high-tech products and with it a new sinister market began flourishing in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (para. 3). Despite providing context for why globalization does in fact take place, Global Witness Limited is the only source that provided framework to explicitly suggest why corporations have not sanctioned or cut their ties from mineral conflict. Global Witness Limited (2009) reported on the trading houses based in Goma and Bukavu th at buy, sell and export minerals produced by or benefiting the warring parties and how houses are officially censed and registered with the Congolese government act as a cover for laundering minerals which are fuelling the conflict. (p. 7) Global Witness Limited focused on how these companies sell the minerals on to a range of processing and manufacturing companies, including firms in the electronics industry. (p. 8) Global Witness Limited also reported on the difficulty and lack of initiative from corporations and governments to regulate orbit minerals. In the following few paragraphs international and subsequently national, initiative will be explored.One of the most pronounced hindrances on the reduction of mineral conflict in the Congo is the national governments failure to address the role of Rwanda as a channel and trading post for the products which benefit the warring parties of the Congo. Global Witness Limited reports indicated this point, as well as that In theory, Rwand an customs officials check the paperwork accompanying all consignments from the Congo, but the government has not been pro-active in delving deeper into the origins of the minerals transported across the border.. (p. 71) As well, Global Witness Limited also stated that neither the Rwandan government nor mineral trading companies operating in Rwanda are conducting due diligence to hear that trade is not benefitting any Congolesian warring parties. (p. 71) Thus, from the Global Witness Limited report, it would seem that a major encumbrance on the reduction of national mineral conflict stem from the ease with which such minerals can cross the border into Rwanda something that is helping to fuel the conflict.Adversely, progression in the reduction of mineral conflict seems to have been made with regards to national governmental initiatives within the country itself as of 2010. Although the Global Witness report indicated a lack of government corresponding action, this report was issued in 2009 and obviously does not address the most current initiatives of the government. According to the 2009 report, Neither of the two main initiatives launched in late 2007 the Nairobi communiqu of and the Amani Programme arising from the Goma agreement-including concrete actions to break the involvement of the warring parties in the natural resource trade. (p. 77) However according to Africa Research Bulletin Political, Social and Cultural Series (2010) the government of the Congo has suspend all mining operations in three eastern provinces, North Kivu, South Kivu and Maniema on the border with Uganda, Rwanda and Burundiafter the United States threatened new legislation to curb stricter controls to ensure DR Congos minerals were obtained legally. (para. 1). It was also reported in the article that as of September of the same year, Congos armed forces had recaptured the coltan specifically in Walikale, a town lacerated by over 15 years of mineral conflict. (Democratic Republi c of Congo Enyele Attack, 2010). Subsequently, national governmental initiatives by virtue of such suspensions, seem to be modernised in absolving some mineral conflict within the country.With specific respect to the countrys struggle to establish viable states on the ruins of repressive colonial states and how this relates to internal maintenance of socio-economic hierarchy, the related role of a paltry economy, and mineral industrialization in regards to globalization and the role of national and international governments, mineral conflict complexity in the Congo has been explored. Though scholars and academics vary in their research according to different enablers of such mineral conflict, from political instability to economic condition, all seem to agree to some degree the importance of historically contextualizing the conflict. For example, political instability and maintenance of socio-economic hierarchy are not merely a static political or social reality of Congo, but the b yproduct of over a hundred years of instilled and exploitative colonial rule. Moreover, as much as mineral conflict is harmful in itself, it is important to recognize that by virtue of colonial legacy that has created socio-economic hierarchy, there are still those that benefit from the consumptive behavior and subsequent mineral conflict. Similarly, economic conditions of the Congo also must(prenominal) be understood with reference to colonial rule of the past, as well as current exploitive behavior of rich countries on developing countries primary commodified economies of the present. Again, industrialization of mineral resources in the Congo and national and international government initiatives, or lack of, must be understood with reference to historical power relations. There is a high demand for coltan as the consumer population of technologies that use this precise metal grows. However as this demand grows, it would appear that companies have capitalized on historical power relations to exploit countries want the Congo with little regard to things like labor conditions and rebel control. Although there has been some progression in the way of conflict mineral reduction, it would appear that there are still many hindrances that subscribe to to be first addressed in order to continue this progression. Canadian consumers must recognize not only the existence of mineral conflict, but also appreciate how their purchases fuel directly such conflict and endorse exploitive behavior. The next step in reduction of mineral conflict in the Congo after this recognition is to recognize the historically relevant legacy of colonialism that continues to be reflective in elements such as national financial condition and political stability. Once this occurs, it is then important to start asking questions. Is it possible to reconfigure socio-economic hierarchy in the Congo that has prevailed with the help of paternal countries for over a hundred years? Is it possible to screen mineral trade and purchase without greatly stalling and bruising the mineral dependent economy of the Congo? There are many enabling factors that contribute to mineral conflict in the Congo and there are a number of related issues that much be recognized and absolve before real progression can take place. The most important element however remains the same, this is not merely an international conflict that is the by-product of something inherently Congolesian, but the result of international exploitive and historical behavior.

Mother Courage :: essays research papers

MOTHER COURAGEThe education system has always tried to figure proscribed new ways of teaching certain matters of interest, like history, where there are m either points to be discuss that can be left out by authors. Text books do not fill everything that should be filled, and it is impossible to do so because there are too many things to tell and not overflowing space to write. There is also the fact that every professor wants to give his or her own approach to the topic, and sometimes there is not one get-go that tells everything the way he or she wants. At that point lectures become much and more important and those are only to be complemented with text of a strain of styles. Those sources were not initially designed to fill that requirement, but with the right approach and background information those new sources can be even better than any textbook any written. These kinds of sources give a different approach to history and can be more enjoyable than boring textbooks. On th e other hand, these multifariousness of sources can also been incorrectly chosen and may difficult the learning process for students. Sometimes sources are not efficient transmitting the message that wants to be transmitted, and students can simply not understand beyond the history that is been told. For instance Mother Courage and Her Children, by Bertolt Brecht, its a story that occurs during the Thirty days contend in Europe, and can be used to help students understand this war. Is this play a good source for understanding the Thirty Years War? Or it only stays in the basic story with minimum helpful information that would help understand this event.The Thirty Years war was caused in the main by the protestant reformation, a process caused by the split of the Catholic Church. It was all because of the lack of tolerance and the extremist ways of thought of people. In this landing field for example, the play is not as deep an as informative as desired, it stays only in the bas ics and mentioning Catholics and Protestants as rivals but it does not go deeper. The Catholics Surprise attack. And the war is a war of religion. It does mention Religion as a point of disagreement, but it fails to really explain that this entire internet site is mainly caused by religious differences. As the world is right now, with all the polemic issues started by Iraqs invasion by the United States and the terrorist attacks perpetrated by Islam extremists, more described facts would be very useful.

Xenon :: essays research papers

XenonXenon is element number 54 on the day-by-day table of the elements. It has amass of roughly 131 atomic mass units. There ar 77 neutrons and 54 protons inthe nucleus of the atom. The symbol for xenon is Xe and it belongs to thefamily of elements called the noble gases. It is called a noble gas because thevalance shell of one atom contains a full shell. Xenon is one of the moststable elements on the table. The 54 electrons are arranged, so that there are2 in the 1st shell, 8 in the 2nd, 18 in the 3rd, 18 in the quaternary and lastly 8 inthe 5th shell. The melting and boiling points of xenon are extremely low. Theyare -111C and -107C respectively.Xenon and most of the early(a) noble gases were discovered by Sir WilliamRamsey and M.W. Travers from England in 1898. The two scientists discovered itmistakenly while experimenting with crude krypton, another noble gas. They wereseparating the elements in the crude krypton by a process called fractionaldistillation. In fractional dis tillation, the process separates two elementsthat have different boiling points. Basic-ally, when a sample is heated, thefaster element leaves first, leaving the second element behind. Krypton wasknown to have a boiling point at a temperature that is lower than xenon. So thescientists could predict that heating the smorgasbord would leave krypton in thecontainer, while the faster boiling xenon leaving it. After the two scientistsseparated krypton and xenon, they identified it as a new element through theemission spectrum of the gas.Xenon is used heavily in light bulbs. Many of the bulbs in cameraflashes have xenon in them, because they can be used over 10,000 times withoutburning out, as well as producing a good balance of all colors. Xenon is withalused in medical purposes. Local anesthesia is made up of 20% oxygen and 80%xenon. Xenon overly can be injected or breathed into the body to give clearerM.R.I.s or X-rays. In addition to the uses above, xenon is also in movieprojector lamps, advertising lights, and bubble chambers, Bubble chambers aredevices used by physicists that are used to detect nuclear radiation. Theelement is very chemically stable and unradioactive and is generally not harmfulto man. Xenon is also nonflammable. It is only when it combines with otherelements that xenon becomes hazardous. Xenon compounds are highly radioactive.This element accounts for a very minimal amount of the earths crust. Only3x10-9% of the earth contains xenon.