Challenges of Malaysian Labour Market Essays

Challenges of Malaysian Labour Market Essays Challenges of Malaysian Labour Market Essay Challenges of Malaysian Labour Market Essay Introduction Labour market is a key issue for many developing as well as developed countries. Whether the people are skilled or unskilled is determining factor for the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDIs) to many developing nations. So, Malaysia depended on its abundant supply of literate and trainable labour force to attract investments in the export-oriented electronics industry since the early 70s’. This labour force has gone through skilled upgrading and enhancement in the past three decades and today, Malaysia can boast of having a pool of relatively skilled and professional labour force that is capable of handling and developing state-of-the-art technologies. Despite these accomplishments, human labour which was and remains the key factor in driving Malaysia’s economic growth. In charting the growth path for the first decade of the 21st century, Malaysia decided to engage in global information economy. As the Ex-Prime Minister Tun Datuk Dr. Mahathir Mohamad emphasised (Malaysia 2001a), â€Å"†¦, the force of globalization, liberalization and information and communications technology have fundamentally changed the rules and nature of global trade, resource flows and competition. Obviously, the world is changing, the new event happen will affect labour market, and Government continue to face many challenges. In this paper researchers will examines the challenges of the global economy lie ahead of Malaysian labour market. And researchers know that the countries that are able to face to the challenges will grow in success, while those failing to do so will decrease the speed of development. Discussion Section Structure of Labour  Force in Malaysia Since 1970, Malaysia has seen many changes. There have been reductions in poverty levels, improved health conditions and significant gains in per capita income. The Gross National Product per capita in 1998 prices increased 223% from RM2,414 in 1970 to RM7,794 in 1998 (Malaysia, 2003). The unemployment rate which in 1970 was 8. 1% declined to 3. 5% in 2004. This successful growth path has been achieved with the context of the need to achieve national unity and reduce poverty (Economic Report, 2004/2005). The direction of policies has been regularly redefined as required, from economic growth with social reengineering has succeed in bringing about gains for the Bumiputra community especially in reducing in identification of ethnicity with occupations (Nagaraj and Lee, 2003). The policy has worked, in large part due to expansion of opportunities for education, even though the Bumiputra population has increased faster than that the other ethnic groups between 1970 and 2005. Economic growth has been accompanied by rising living standards, greater urbanization and access to health and education, and an improvement in the distribution of income, ameliorating the twin problems of poverty and racial imbalances. The performance has been particularly remarkable after 1987 when the economy achieved above 7% growth in seven consecutive years reaching virtual full employment by 1995. With this background Malaysia now aspires to become a fully developed economy by 2020 (Athukorala and Menon, 1996). In the 1970s, the primary source of wealth for economy has thus seen diversification from agriculture and mining to include manufacturing and services today. Employment is expected to grow at an average rate of 1. 9% per annum, contributing 1. 1 million jobs during the Ninth Malaysia Plan period, particularly those requiring tertiary education. The economy is expected to maintain full employment with the unemployment rate at 3. 5% in 2010 (Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006). The structural changes observed in the economy are reflected in the changes in the labour force (Nagaraj and Lee, 2003). There has been a shift as well to occupations requiring greater education levels. In 1970, 49% of the workforce comprised agricultural workers, 33% clerical, sales, and services workers, 13% production workers, and 5% professional, technical and administrative workers. In 2000, only 18% of the agriculture workers, 34% clerical, sales and services workers, 33% production workers, and 19% professional, technical and administrative workers. The Challenges in Labour Force of Malaysia Education and skill attainment The quality of the labour force will be improved with the increasing share of the labour force with educational attainment at tertiary level to meet the demand of a knowledge-based economy (Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006). One area of growing concern is the disproportionately low percentage of males at higher levels of education and interaction her with ethnicity (Nagaraj and Lee, 2002). The overall labour force participation rate (LFPR) is expected to be 67. 3% in 2010 with the LFPR for male at 87. 4% and female LFPR at 46. 3% in 2010. The labour force is estimated to increase to 12. million in 2010 (Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006). Another stems from preferences for education and work, there are of course factors besides education that shape the occupational distribution patterns of males and females-these include aptitude, tastes, economic factors and gender discrimination.  But importantly, to the extent that women prefer not to go into science based fields, there may be shortage of workers with the requisite level of education; the emerging pattern suggests a strong link between development and education of women, but not between the development and the number of women scientist (Nagaraj, 2001). There is therefore a need encourage girls to graduate in sciences and encourage boys to further their education. Human Resource Development A strong human resource base to support the development of a knowledge-based economy and enhance productivity and competitiveness will be one of the key strategies in ensuring that the nation is able to face the challenges of the globalization and sustain economic growth (Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006). Therefore, the Government will take initiatives to encourage firms to intensify the implementation of the productivity-linked wage system (PLWS) o ensure that wage movements are closely aligned with productivity. But the firms have to meet some challenges during implementation, companies are aware that PLWS is important for enhancing competitiveness. However, to ensure smooth transition of the system, there must be a strong commitment and cooperation from top management and employees. Information sharing of relevant information pertaining to the system by management is necessary to ensure the system works (Economic Report, 2004/2005). And also it should be a fair and equitable performance measurement system. The system is able to be reviewed periodically and improvements made when necessary (Economic Report, 2004/2005). Thus, if the companies implement the PLWS, the measurement system and the key indicators to be used should be collectively developed by both employers and employees and agreed upon by both parties (Economic Report, 2004/2005). Employment Restructuring As the implementation of strategies and programmes to restructure employment in the various sectors and occupations will continue to be undertaken. Measures will be taken to improve the balance of Bumiputra and non-Bumiputra employment in both the public and private sectors (Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006). This will require concerted efforts of both the Government and the private sector. Previously, the concentration of non-Bumiputra in the private sector and the Bumiputra in the public sector has been change. Recently, there are increasingly the intakes of Bumiputra in the private sector in management and supervisory positions as well as in their businesses. The Government will endeavour to increase the participation of non-Bumiputra at all levels of the police, army and in the education fields. In this way, all the activities in the community will be reflective of the various races of Malaysia. Thus education and training will still be an important vehicle to achieve the employment restructuring objectives (Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006). In this regard, more places will be made available for qualified Bumiputra students in public and private institutions of higher learning, particularly in science, ICT and other professional courses. At the same time, attention will also be given towards improving the performance of Bumiputra students especially in Science, Mathematics and the English language, through more effective teaching methods, a better provision of educational facilities and the establishment of more residential schools (Malaysia, 2003). Financing will be provided to the Bumiputra to assist them to pay the higher fees in the private institutions. Migrant workers Migrant workers have added to the challenges of maintaining industrial harmony. As Malaysia has a long history of using foreign labour, at first introduced in post-independence Malaysia in the early 1970s in response to labour shortages in the plantation industries. Since then certain sectors of the economy, especially plantation and construction, have received a great number of foreigner workers, and some sectors appear to be dependent on them, foreign workers were 7. 8% of the labour force in 2000 (Malaysia, 2001b). Now, Malaysia continues to remain attractive to foreign workers, the total number of registered foreign workers increased by 10. 2% to reach 1. 62 million. The majority of foreign workers are from Indonesia (69. 4%), followed by Nepal (10. 2%), India (6. 2%), and Vietnam (4. 6%), in addition, there are between 500,00 and 800,000 illegal or undocumented foreign workers in Malaysia (Hamid; Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006). Nevertheless, especially for the manufacturing sector, the need to compete effectively in the global economy has led to observable changes in the economy. There is an increasing focus on product quality and more differentiated demand for products, resulting in shift from mass production to flexible specialisation (Economic Report, 2004/2005). There is a shift to higher value-added, less labour incentive production, even as low value-adding, labour-incentive production is moving form Malaysia to other low labour cost countries, or using foreign labour which is lower cost. So migrant workers have added to the challenge of maintaining industrial harmony, their wages are contractual, and when wages differ between the local and foreign workers, there have been disputes. Migrant workers are also from particular countries, and sometimes bring with them their inter-ethnic tensions and biases, leading to melees. As a result of labour migration, the resulting diversity of the workforce may also compound the nature of wage negotiation and contractual arrangements. In addition, there have been arguments that their presence has led to depressed wages. It has long been argued that the problems caused by migrant workers are greater than their benefits (Azizah, 1998), but the needs of business in the light of a tight labour market have always been greater priority. Thus the challenge has arisen. Conclusion In this paper, the researchers have highlighted some of the challenges for Malaysia in the light of its commitment to take growth path of globalization. These include developing a workforce with the necessary skills, equipping the existing workforce with necessary skills addressing the problems arising from the use of foreign workers, enhancing the improved worker protection. In the short run appropriate legislation needs to be put in place to allow for a diversity of working arrangements while providing adequately for worker’s protection. In the long run, there is a need to review the way education is delivered, so that schools become the great equaliser that they are meant to be by providing the entire right educational environment in which to succeed. Researchers believe that all the challenges that has been planned and predicted by the Government will be solved successfully and the labour market can become more healthy and stable. References Azizah Kassim (1998), â€Å"Immigrant workers and the informal sector in West Malaysia: A case study of the Indonesia worker in Kula Lumpur. In current issues in Labour Migration in Malaysia, University Of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur: pp 232-254. Athukorala PM and Menon J (1996), â€Å"Globalization, Employment and Equity: The Malaysian Experience†, ILO, Bangkok, June. Economic Report (2004/2005), Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan National Malaysia. Hamid H (2006), â€Å"Foreign Labour Dilemma†, New Straits Times, 25 Sept. Ninth Malaysia Plan 2006-2010 (2006), Kuala Lumpur Inagami T (1998), â€Å"Labour market policies in Asian countries: Diversity and similarity among Singapore, Malaysia,the Republic of Korea and Japan† , ILO: EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PAPERS.

Term project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Term project - Essay Example The user has the ability to control the speed of the conveyor belt in order to conform to their desirable speed of walking or running. However, with technological development, our Super-Treadmill has more advanced abilities than the current treadmills in the market. Instead of having a treadmill as a device for exercise only, the Super-Treadmill has increased features and functionalities in order to improve its usability (Parley 15). The new product has a computer-aided simulation ability, which gives the user the ability to simulated different landscapes, environment, cities, mountains and beaches among other places. While the user is at home, he or she can use the product can walk in any beach, city, climb a mountain or walk in any street in the world through a computer-aided simulation. The Super-Treadmill uses an electronic system, which provides the use views, sounds, temperature, lights and smells of their selected places of doing exercise while they are at home. The main objective of the Super-Treadmill is to provide its users with a chance to have adventurous of any place across the world. Apart from the added computerized electronic system, the Super-Treadmill’s conveyor belt has the ability to change positions in order to confo rm to the steepness of the selected topography. In order to attract many prospects, the Super-Treadmill will be sold at a price that is 15 percent more than the price of the normal treadmill (Parley 25). This will still attract prospective customers, considering the extra features it has. The relevance of the Super-Treadmill in the contemporary treadmills marketplaces is based on the fact that people spend too much financial resources to physically tour their desirable places during their vacations. The fact that the Super-Treadmill will facilitate indoor tours to various places across the shows its advantages in terms of uses of financial resources and time

Land and water use in the USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Land and water use in the USA - Research Paper Example he manmade pollution of the water bodies by dumping of chemicals and intentional applications of pesticides and over the surface, certainly affects the water quality, underground or above the surface. Hence, it is necessary that use of land should suit the water available in the area, while care must be taken to avoid the contamination of water, at all levels. In addition, it is equally essential that water is not wasted, while it is used for irrigation and other purposes. This is particularly important, as the population grows and the per capita demand of water increases. However, with the limited resources of water, excess use of same for land irrigation and other purposes may leave us without sufficient drinking water. In most of the cases, the land is not used properly but misused intentionally, to maximize profits from the agricultural and industrial produce. This human activity certainly contaminates the area surrounding the particular region, along with the ground water of the area. However, the criteria for determining the magnitude of contamination of water in certain area would involve considering the process of contamination, while referring to different underground water sources. For example, the water in a well can be contaminated while the water charge for the same passes through the comminuted area before reaching the well. Accordingly, every well has a â€Å"contributing area†, which is responsible for the water quality in the well. Similarly the water bodies like streams, lakes and rivers can have contaminated water, which depends on the land use of their contributing area. The following guide map shows an indicative pattern of pollutants that occur either freely or are genera ted by manmade activities. The rainfall in the area accelerates the movement of these contaminants. The naturally moving contaminants are shown as white arrows, while the hatched arrows indicate the flow of other pollutants, resulting due to human activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(

Write about three job's you have chosen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Write about three job's you have chosen - Essay Example usiness, project costs are estimated to be billions of dollars and projects fail, costing billions of dollars, if project managers and their respective teams do not have enough coordination and cooperation. The project manager must not fail as a team manager and leader. Project success and project management success are two different things. Project success refers to the success of the overall objectives of the project while project management success refers to the performance of the team under the leadership and management of the team leader and project manager. The project has to be completed and must meet the specified time, cost, and scope and quality of the project according to the specifications of the contract between the contractor and the client. It is important to differentiate here the difference between management and leadership. Management emphasizes functions such as planning, organizing, and controlling. Management is concerned with providing decisions about processes and functions in order to improve operational efficiency and effectiveness. Leadership role of the manager refers to providing motivations and guidance to realize people’s potential and to achieve tougher and challenging organizational roles. (Anantatmula 14) Site project coordinator performs the function between project administrator and technical assistants, but is also in charge of locating, planning, coordinating, analyzing and understanding of organization. In other words, the project coordinator’s role is also complex as in the project manager. Project coordinators must have an effective relationship with the client, consultant and contractor. He must have qualities like working on time, technical knowledge of the project, team-playing attributes, and coordination skills in achieving quality for the project. A project coordinator works under limited authority and must earn the trust and confidence of the team in order to achieve various tasks at his/her disposal. A

Mans Relationship to the Land in John Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath Essa

     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Man's relationship to the land undergoes a transformation throughout John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath. Initially, back in Oklahoma, each family feels a strong attachment to the land because the ancestors of these farmers fought and cleared the Indians out of the land, made it suitable for farming, and worked year after year in the fields so that each generation would be provided for. Passing down the land to successive generations, the farmers come to realize that the land is all that they own. It is their family's source of sustenance. However, the strong bond between man and the land is broken when the bank comes to vacate the tenants during hard times.   The tractors hired by the bank literally tear down the bond between man and the land. Due to the eviction, the farmers are forced to move to California, where work is supposedly in demand. As each family takes off for California, it no longer feels a connection to the lands through which it is traveling. Once it reaches California, it feels no connection to its land. For the first time, it is forced to be dependent on somebody else's generosity in distributing jobs, and most importantly, somebody else's land. Thus, in California, the relationship between man and land is not as strong as it was in Arkansas and Oklahoma. The change in this relationship is due in part to the mercilessness of the bank, and in the end, man loses because its connection to the only significant thing it has ever owned is gone. Once the families travel to California, each family member's soul stays back in Oklahoma, making it difficult to adjust to working on lands that have not been cultivate d by their own family for generations.    The land of each generatio... ...job, but instead, little is offered, because of the numbers that they are coming in. Ultimately, one must conclude that no matter how poor a family may be, without land, all is lost in pursuit of a replacement of the heritage that has been destroyed by a superior power. Works Cited and Consulted: Conder, John J. "Steinbeck and Nature's Self: The Grapes of Wrath." John Steinbeck, Modern Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 125-140. French, Warren. John Steinbeck. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1975. Levant, Howard. "The Fully Matured Art: The Grapes of Wrath." John Steinbeck, Modern Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 35-62. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin Books, 1978. Wallsten, Robert and Steinbeck, Elaine. Steinbeck: A Life in Letters. New York: The Viking Press, 1975.

Nosrdstrom Case Study Essay

1. The regional Manager of Human resources suggests that you start using a personality assessment too, such as the MBTI, in hiring new employees or your store. What are the benefits of this approach and what are the drawbacks. Now a days good service have become the most important value that a company no matter the industry need to have, therefore the need of employees who really enact it in their daily work is really important and it is in this value where personality plays and enormous part; personality is that thing that define who you are and how you understand the world, they way you act in an specific situation will completely depend on your personality which is constantly shaping depending on the experiences you have during your life time. Being this said an assessment tool, as an MBTI will help you foresee how a person would perform in a specific job with some specific needs and functions regardless of their studies. Note that sometimes this approach might mislead into assumptions of someone’s personality because of how it is perceived, the way we avoid the common errors of perception as first impression error, selective perception, stereotypes among others will succeed or disorientate the approach and will end up with no correct personality description which will mislead you into wrong conclusions. 2. Can a friendly, customer-oriented attitude be developed in person? Can Nordstrom â€Å"train† employees to prioritize making customer happy, or it is purely a matter of personality? Yes it can be developed in a person, but it would depend on its personality how this skill will shine and if this value will be enacted. Something like service, which is customer-oriented attitude, will depend on how this person  understand the world, how he communicate and what are his preferences. Being this said, it is not something that depends whether on the training or in the personality, there has to be a smooth connection between both. Nordstrom for example does an incredible work by hiring people which personality allows them to perform great on their customer-oriented service, a skill they train into each of their employees and due to their personality it is easily adapted and enacted since it is felt natural. 3. Describe the ideal Nordstrom salesperson in terms of the personality traits that are involved in core self-evaluation (CSE). Warmhearted, conscientious, and cooperative. Wants harmony in the environment, works with determination to establish it. Likes to work with others to complete tasks accurately and on time. Loyal , follows through even in small matters. Notices what others need in their day-to-day lives and tries to provide it. Wants to be appreciated for who he or she is and for his or her contribution.

Remember the Titans an Analysis of Different Leadership...

Remember the Titans: an analysis of different leadership styles This paper shows the different leadership styles and how it can affect the team results. both the leaders try to motivate the team, one tries to motivate them extrinsically and the other one intrinsically. The paper says there is no right or wrong style of leadership, but a true leader motivates others to develop those leadership qualities in them and do better. This paper gives a description of the coaches and the team players who showed leadership qualities even in the most difficult situations because they knew that their team needs them. It also describes the contribution on these players in their victory. They forgot their difference and played as a team.There were no†¦show more content†¦Dave and is offered the position of head coach, he tells him that Yoast is a good coach and he didn’t want to take his place. His believe in message has been displayed through his strategies and his consistency in h is actions to reach his goal. Bill Yoast Yoast was dedicated to football and had gained loyalty from his team and white community. He was respected and had demonstrated his effective leadership through several wins. He was also nominated for hall of fame for his exceptional leadership. He cared for the people in his team. When he had the opportunity to leave and take up a position for head coach he did not because he was worried about the players in his team. He considered them like his own kids and was concerned for them and did not want to abandon them. He takes the offer of the assistant coach to ensure that his team members are a part of the new team. His initial objective was to ensure that his boys are a part of the team and are well taken care off. He at first does not agree with the rigid behavior of Boone. 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